7.62 x 39 (.308) Russ. Load Data

The 7.62 x 39mm cartridge, sometimes referred to in Western contexts as .308 Russian due to its projectile diameter, has a notable history that has shaped both military and civilian shooting landscapes worldwide. Developed in the Soviet Union during the late 1940s, it was designed primarily for use in the iconic SKS and later the famed AK-47 assault rifle. The intent behind its creation was to provide an intermediate power cartridge that balanced effective range, manageable recoil, and reliability, particularly in automatic or semi-automatic platforms. The 7.62 x 39mm quickly became the standard small arms cartridge for Soviet and Warsaw Pact forces, seeing widespread adoption in numerous conflicts throughout the latter half of the 20th century. Its proliferation was further enabled by the distribution of rifles and ammunition to allied nations and insurgent groups during the Cold War, cementing its place as one of the world's most recognized military cartridges.

In terms of application, the 7.62 x 39mm has proven remarkably versatile. While its original purpose was for infantry rifles, the cartridge has since found a valuable place in civilian markets, especially among ammunition reloaders and hunting enthusiasts. Its relatively modest recoil and reliable performance in a wide range of environmental conditions make it a favorite for recreational shooting, competitive matches geared towards military-caliber rifles, and small- to medium-game hunting. In addition, many modern sporting rifles, including AR-15 variants adapted with appropriate barrels and magazines, have been chambered for the 7.62 x 39mm, further increasing its popularity among shooters looking for an affordable and hard-hitting alternative to more expensive Western calibers.

When it comes to target species, the 7.62 x 39mm is most commonly suited for game such as whitetail deer, feral hogs, and similar-sized animals. Its moderate energy output and heavier-for-caliber bullets provide ample stopping power at typical hunting ranges, which usually do not exceed 200 yards. While not generally recommended for larger North American game such as elk or moose due to its relatively limited velocity and energy, responsible shot placement within ethical distances has yielded effective results on deer and comparable species. Furthermore, varmint hunters may also find the 7.62 x 39mm useful for dispatching coyotes and similar pests, provided appropriate expanding bullets are used.

A key aspect for reloaders to consider is the range of bullet weights and unique characteristics the 7.62 x 39mm offers. The most common bullet weights are 122 grains and 123 grains for FMJ (full metal jacket) and soft point variants, both of which perform reliably for general use and hunting, respectively. Some specialty loads may use bullets in the 150-grain range, although these are less common and require careful consideration of safe pressures. The typical bullet diameter is .310 to .311 inches, slightly larger than the standard .308 used in many Western cartridges. Brass cases are available in both Berdan and Boxer primed versions, with reloaders generally preferring Boxer-primed cases for ease of reloading. The caliber's moderate working pressures and generous case taper contribute to reliable extraction and feeding, even under adverse conditions. Despite its military origins, modern 7.62 x 39mm ammunition is offered in a variety of configurations, including soft points and polymer-tipped bullets for hunters, expanding the applications and appeal of this rugged Soviet-designed cartridge among American reloaders.