Load Specifications
Load data in caliber 8 x 65 R with .323 | 220gr | Swift A-Frame bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, ReloadSwiss RS 60 and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 25.6"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,647 psi | 90% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,748 psi | 88% | 2395 fps | 97.3% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,857 psi | 72% | 2362 fps | 97.3% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,792 psi | 90% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,995 psi | 88% | 2516 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,024 psi | 90% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,979 psi | 87% | 2421 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2209ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,863 psi | 86% | 2497 fps | 96.2% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,140 psi | 89% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,053 psi | 90% | 2395 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,183 psi | 89% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,776 psi | 86% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,255 psi | 87% | 2457 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,443 psi | 86% | 2523 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,776 psi | 86% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,761 psi | 84% | 2487 fps | 96.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,160 psi | 69% | 2392 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,453 psi | 77% | 2536 fps | 99.1% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,691 psi | 90% | 2480 fps | 99.8% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,182 psi | 87% | 2454 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,487 psi | 87% | 2431 fps | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,284 psi | 87% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,024 psi | 88% | 2467 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,356 psi | 87% | 2513 fps | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,343 psi | 89% | 2480 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,457 psi | 86% | 2425 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,082 psi | 90% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,575 psi | 89% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,501 psi | 88% | 2543 fps | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,650 psi | 63% | 1496 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,588 psi | 88% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,399 psi | 86% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,428 psi | 86% | 2405 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,501 psi | 86% | 2385 fps | 97.8% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,676 psi | 88% | 2457 fps | 97.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,169 psi | 90% | 2457 fps | 98.2% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,531 psi | 89% | 2510 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,502 psi | 89% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,140 psi | 89% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,488 psi | 89% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,966 psi | 90% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,312 psi | 85% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,589 psi | 89% | 2454 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,341 psi | 85% | 2441 fps | 98% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,009 psi | 88% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,546 psi | 89% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,544 psi | 86% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,777 psi | 88% | 2497 fps | 96.3% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,671 psi | 77% | 2500 fps | 96.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,327 psi | 87% | 2507 fps | 99.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,530 psi | 86% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,124 psi | 85% | 2503 fps | 98.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,256 psi | 89% | 2438 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,676 psi | 88% | 2451 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,998 psi | 64% | 1532 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,343 psi | 89% | 2451 fps | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,240 psi | 87% | 2513 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,791 psi | 86% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,443 psi | 87% | 2536 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,139 psi | 87% | 2559 fps | 99.5% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,517 psi | 89% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,052 psi | 87% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 905ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,108 psi | 82% | 2464 fps | 96% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,487 psi | 87% | 2431 fps | 97.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,589 psi | 89% | 2454 fps | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,488 psi | 89% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,312 psi | 85% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,341 psi | 85% | 2441 fps | 98% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,589 psi | 89% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,501 psi | 86% | 2415 fps | 99.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,414 psi | 87% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,573 psi | 86% | 2320 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,544 psi | 86% | 2323 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,749 psi | 90% | 2411 fps | 98.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,701 psi | 81% | 2461 fps | 95.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,908 psi | 90% | 2359 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,312 psi | 85% | 2408 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,690 psi | 88% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,459 psi | 89% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,963 psi | 83% | 2454 fps | 97.1% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,921 psi | 86% | 2306 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,401 psi | 89% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,879 psi | 90% | 2395 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,734 psi | 90% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,269 psi | 85% | 2454 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,459 psi | 89% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,182 psi | 87% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,633 psi | 90% | 2507 fps | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,844 psi | 76% | 2457 fps | 99.5% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,327 psi | 85% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,140 psi | 89% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,647 psi | 88% | 2516 fps | 98.2% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,027 psi | 62% | 2408 fps | 99.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,327 psi | 87% | 2448 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 25.6"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,814 psi | 74% | 2274 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,872 psi | 72% | 2251 fps | 95.1% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 35,636 psi | 63% | 2267 fps | 95.8% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,566 psi | 70% | 2274 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,805 psi | 51% | 2126 fps | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,063 psi | 80% | 2372 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,363 psi | 68% | 2244 fps | 98.6% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,818 psi | 81% | 2444 fps | 95.4% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,152 psi | 83% | 2372 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,732 psi | 84% | 2352 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,988 psi | 72% | 2411 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,101 psi | 67% | 2267 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,799 psi | 72% | 2320 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,689 psi | 52% | 2139 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 46.3 gr | 80% | 32,822 psi | 58% | 2251 fps | 98.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 98% | 44,875 psi | 79% | 2441 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 86% | 25,657 psi | 45% | 2064 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 90% | 30,966 psi | 55% | 2260 fps | 95% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,324 psi | 78% | 2382 fps | 99.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,681 psi | 67% | 2270 fps | 99.6% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,234 psi | 73% | 2293 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,006 psi | 81% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,551 psi | 68% | 2277 fps | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,087 psi | 67% | 2320 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,440 psi | 79% | 2385 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,513 psi | 80% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,166 psi | 48% | 2054 fps | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,553 psi | 73% | 2362 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,089 psi | 71% | 2379 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,614 psi | 47% | 1335 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,758 psi | 77% | 2339 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,266 psi | 80% | 2369 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,292 psi | 71% | 2270 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,873 psi | 76% | 2293 fps | 96.6% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,249 psi | 73% | 2320 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,898 psi | 67% | 2231 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 82% | 30,066 psi | 53% | 2139 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,814 psi | 74% | 2346 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,152 psi | 83% | 2372 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,396 psi | 78% | 2352 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,063 psi | 80% | 2313 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,248 psi | 71% | 2274 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,170 psi | 59% | 2142 fps | 95.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,695 psi | 67% | 2257 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,353 psi | 78% | 2329 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,556 psi | 79% | 2333 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,190 psi | 71% | 2310 fps | 99.4% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 46,412 psi | 82% | 2444 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 96% | 38,276 psi | 68% | 2392 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,414 psi | 52% | 2129 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,711 psi | 70% | 2326 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,911 psi | 62% | 2260 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,050 psi | 83% | 2388 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,470 psi | 82% | 2402 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,006 psi | 48% | 1371 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,914 psi | 69% | 2260 fps | 96.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,105 psi | 76% | 2415 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 46.3 gr | 80% | 34,969 psi | 62% | 2303 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 82% | 30,734 psi | 54% | 2192 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 49.4 gr | 84% | 33,098 psi | 59% | 2244 fps | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,076 psi | 74% | 2287 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,433 psi | 63% | 2221 fps | 99.1% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 98% | 43,163 psi | 76% | 2415 fps | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,234 psi | 73% | 2293 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,170 psi | 59% | 2142 fps | 95.1% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,396 psi | 78% | 2352 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,248 psi | 71% | 2274 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,695 psi | 67% | 2257 fps | 95.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,492 psi | 65% | 2270 fps | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,281 psi | 80% | 2365 fps | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,685 psi | 77% | 2349 fps | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,527 psi | 80% | 2277 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,913 psi | 67% | 2165 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,030 psi | 69% | 2224 fps | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 42,859 psi | 76% | 2411 fps | 95.1% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,281 psi | 80% | 2280 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,136 psi | 80% | 2362 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,448 psi | 64% | 2228 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,455 psi | 47% | 2090 fps | 97.5% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,060 psi | 73% | 2356 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,890 psi | 81% | 2267 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,655 psi | 74% | 2264 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,076 psi | 74% | 2274 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,447 psi | 61% | 2169 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,705 psi | 54% | 2129 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,311 psi | 84% | 2372 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,611 psi | 72% | 2270 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,240 psi | 53% | 2136 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 86% | 27,296 psi | 48% | 2129 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,574 psi | 54% | 2113 fps | 97.7% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,050 psi | 83% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,087 psi | 67% | 2320 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 90% | 25,599 psi | 45% | 2129 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,018 psi | 76% | 2352 fps | 99.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for 8 x 65 R loaded with the .323 | 220gr | Swift A-Frame. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,566 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,496 fps to 2,566 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (390 MPa), the top charges use 62–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 220.0 gr projectile in 0.323" calls for a 1:14.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, Alliant Reloder-19 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for 8 x 65 R with the .323 | 220gr | Swift A-Frame they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.