Load Specifications
Load data in caliber 7.62 x 53 R Fin. with .308 | 180gr | Sellier & Bellot HPC bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 60 and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 27"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,894 psi | 90% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,255 psi | 87% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,124 psi | 85% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,546 psi | 89% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,080 psi | 85% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,630 psi | 82% | 2677 fps | 98.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,835 psi | 88% | 2651 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,923 psi | 90% | 2651 fps | 99.3% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,269 psi | 87% | 2608 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,878 psi | 86% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,589 psi | 89% | 2707 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,878 psi | 86% | 2749 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,067 psi | 89% | 2671 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,763 psi | 90% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,662 psi | 90% | 2687 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,528 psi | 82% | 2684 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,169 psi | 89% | 2776 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 32,808 psi | 58% | 2428 fps | 96.4% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,211 psi | 87% | 2661 fps | 99% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,183 psi | 89% | 2684 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,298 psi | 85% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,995 psi | 90% | 2684 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,052 psi | 87% | 2717 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,617 psi | 88% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,488 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,486 psi | 86% | 2641 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H414ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,212 psi | 89% | 2726 fps | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,241 psi | 89% | 2661 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,467 psi | 75% | 2569 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,849 psi | 86% | 2690 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,650 psi | 61% | 1601 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,559 psi | 86% | 2618 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,487 psi | 87% | 2648 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,386 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,039 psi | 90% | 2612 fps | 96.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,111 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,686 psi | 79% | 2625 fps | 98.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,791 psi | 86% | 2667 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,269 psi | 87% | 2608 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,950 psi | 87% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,791 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,241 psi | 89% | 2585 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,864 psi | 88% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,878 psi | 86% | 2621 fps | 97.6% |
| Lovex S070ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,153 psi | 87% | 2644 fps | 96.6% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,660 psi | 86% | 2602 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,124 psi | 87% | 2608 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,835 psi | 88% | 2674 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,514 psi | 82% | 2667 fps | 98.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,082 psi | 89% | 2700 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,861 psi | 81% | 2657 fps | 96.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,472 psi | 87% | 2621 fps | 97.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,617 psi | 86% | 2641 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,444 psi | 89% | 2612 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,186 psi | 62% | 1644 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,878 psi | 86% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,965 psi | 87% | 2621 fps | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,328 psi | 89% | 2746 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,951 psi | 88% | 2779 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,311 psi | 82% | 2697 fps | 98.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,514 psi | 84% | 2717 fps | 97.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,966 psi | 88% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,226 psi | 87% | 2598 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,705 psi | 88% | 2667 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,878 psi | 86% | 2621 fps | 97.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,791 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,864 psi | 88% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,153 psi | 87% | 2644 fps | 96.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,356 psi | 85% | 2680 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,923 psi | 90% | 2648 fps | 98.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,370 psi | 86% | 2625 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,836 psi | 90% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,459 psi | 89% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 49,037 psi | 87% | 2575 fps | 96.2% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,937 psi | 88% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,835 psi | 88% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,256 psi | 89% | 2641 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,647 psi | 90% | 2671 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,495 psi | 73% | 2621 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,865 psi | 90% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,865 psi | 90% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,443 psi | 86% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,371 psi | 87% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,646 psi | 86% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,182 psi | 87% | 2667 fps | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,617 psi | 88% | 2608 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,952 psi | 90% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,153 psi | 85% | 2677 fps | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,621 psi | 61% | 2500 fps | 96.4% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,111 psi | 89% | 2654 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,515 psi | 86% | 2651 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,488 psi | 89% | 2730 fps | 96.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,966 psi | 90% | 2680 fps | 99.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 27"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,322 psi | 75% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,948 psi | 81% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,838 psi | 62% | 2365 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,234 psi | 73% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,938 psi | 58% | 2352 fps | 99.7% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 32,866 psi | 58% | 2415 fps | 95% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,899 psi | 69% | 2457 fps | 98% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,156 psi | 59% | 2316 fps | 95.5% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,930 psi | 72% | 2470 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,161 psi | 71% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,413 psi | 84% | 2654 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 43.1 gr | 80% | 34,940 psi | 62% | 2464 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,184 psi | 57% | 2336 fps | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,950 psi | 85% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,824 psi | 62% | 2395 fps | 96.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 90% | 34,287 psi | 61% | 2428 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 43.5 gr | 82% | 29,718 psi | 53% | 2343 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 98% | 30,908 psi | 55% | 2379 fps | 95.5% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,565 psi | 66% | 2451 fps | 96.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,473 psi | 56% | 2336 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,004 psi | 76% | 2464 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,914 psi | 69% | 2484 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,699 psi | 75% | 2608 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,485 psi | 82% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,181 psi | 83% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 37,159 psi | 66% | 2434 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 44,034 psi | 78% | 2618 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,204 psi | 69% | 2470 fps | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 88% | 29,472 psi | 52% | 2283 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,056 psi | 62% | 2438 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,759 psi | 46% | 1430 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,594 psi | 66% | 2421 fps | 98.1% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,116 psi | 67% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,737 psi | 61% | 2349 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 44,918 psi | 79% | 2510 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,425 psi | 79% | 2533 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 92% | 34,316 psi | 61% | 2425 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,621 psi | 63% | 2425 fps | 97.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,930 psi | 72% | 2470 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,672 psi | 81% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,246 psi | 66% | 2438 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,639 psi | 70% | 2405 fps | 98.1% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,476 psi | 61% | 2356 fps | 98.2% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,232 psi | 68% | 2431 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 43,410 psi | 77% | 2549 fps | 95.2% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,145 psi | 67% | 2418 fps | 98.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,130 psi | 67% | 2428 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,214 psi | 60% | 2385 fps | 96.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 90% | 33,895 psi | 60% | 2421 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,533 psi | 59% | 2388 fps | 96.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 40,379 psi | 71% | 2556 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,611 psi | 72% | 2464 fps | 95.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,726 psi | 70% | 2484 fps | 98.2% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 78% | 2513 fps | 98.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,092 psi | 46% | 1467 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,948 psi | 81% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,076 psi | 76% | 2520 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,824 psi | 63% | 2480 fps | 96.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 42.5 gr | 80% | 29,762 psi | 53% | 2356 fps | 97.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 35,534 psi | 63% | 2487 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 94% | 39,044 psi | 69% | 2549 fps | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,785 psi | 74% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,230 psi | 64% | 2369 fps | 98.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,573 psi | 52% | 2280 fps | 96% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,232 psi | 68% | 2431 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,246 psi | 66% | 2438 fps | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,476 psi | 61% | 2356 fps | 98.2% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 43,410 psi | 77% | 2549 fps | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,835 psi | 55% | 2326 fps | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,609 psi | 68% | 2434 fps | 96% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,362 psi | 66% | 2428 fps | 97.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,827 psi | 70% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,750 psi | 58% | 2257 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 45,905 psi | 81% | 2526 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,642 psi | 77% | 2539 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,247 psi | 69% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,261 psi | 68% | 2438 fps | 97.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,792 psi | 54% | 2293 fps | 96.2% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 86% | 26,832 psi | 47% | 2270 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,136 psi | 80% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,958 psi | 71% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,259 psi | 62% | 2362 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,998 psi | 64% | 2365 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,080 psi | 51% | 2234 fps | 97% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 35,607 psi | 63% | 2421 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,727 psi | 72% | 2461 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,766 psi | 61% | 2359 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 90% | 34,780 psi | 61% | 2425 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 32,503 psi | 57% | 2448 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 84% | 29,805 psi | 53% | 2254 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,813 psi | 70% | 2503 fps | 99.6% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 44,280 psi | 78% | 2625 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,564 psi | 65% | 2431 fps | 98% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for 7.62 x 53 R Fin. loaded with the .308 | 180gr | Sellier & Bellot HPC. ReloadSwiss RS 60 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,779 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,601 fps to 2,779 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (390 MPa), the top charges use 58–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 180.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:11.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-23 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for 7.62 x 53 R Fin. with the .308 | 180gr | Sellier & Bellot HPC they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.