
Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .300 Weath. Mag. with .308 | 146gr | Peregrine Glider (Glider GRM) bullet and 199 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-17 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,375 psi | 85% | 3045 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,375 psi | 85% | 3045 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,681 psi | 89% | 3114 fps | 97.9% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,681 psi | 89% | 3114 fps | 97.9% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,893 psi | 78% | 3071 fps | 98.2% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,893 psi | 78% | 3071 fps | 98.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,868 psi | 86% | 3104 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,868 psi | 86% | 3104 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,956 psi | 88% | 3205 fps | 99.8% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,956 psi | 88% | 3205 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,534 psi | 85% | 3133 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,534 psi | 85% | 3133 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,753 psi | 87% | 3136 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,753 psi | 87% | 3136 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2209ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,566 psi | 90% | 3248 fps | 97.3% |
| ADI AR 2209ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,566 psi | 90% | 3248 fps | 97.3% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3136 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3136 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,940 psi | 86% | 3264 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,940 psi | 86% | 3264 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmintᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,377 psi | 90% | 3241 fps | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,434 psi | 88% | 3163 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,434 psi | 88% | 3163 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,666 psi | 89% | 3186 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,666 psi | 89% | 3186 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,942 psi | 89% | 3274 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,942 psi | 89% | 3274 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,521 psi | 89% | 3232 fps | 97.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-19ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,521 psi | 89% | 3232 fps | 97.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,966 psi | 78% | 3156 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,966 psi | 78% | 3156 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,079 psi | 74% | 3100 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,079 psi | 74% | 3100 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,046 psi | 64% | 2989 fps | 96.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,046 psi | 64% | 2989 fps | 96.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,244 psi | 85% | 3304 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,244 psi | 85% | 3304 fps | 99.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,563 psi | 86% | 3150 fps | 99.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,563 psi | 86% | 3150 fps | 99.8% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,203 psi | 90% | 3179 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,203 psi | 90% | 3179 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,966 psi | 78% | 3156 fps | 95.9% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,966 psi | 78% | 3156 fps | 95.9% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,811 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 98.1% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,811 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3166 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3166 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,027 psi | 85% | 3133 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,027 psi | 85% | 3133 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,781 psi | 86% | 3199 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,781 psi | 86% | 3199 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,708 psi | 86% | 3156 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,708 psi | 86% | 3156 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,114 psi | 86% | 3146 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,114 psi | 86% | 3146 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,087 psi | 89% | 3186 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,087 psi | 89% | 3186 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,347 psi | 87% | 3182 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,347 psi | 87% | 3182 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,129 psi | 86% | 3238 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,129 psi | 86% | 3238 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,882 psi | 56% | 1988 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,882 psi | 56% | 1988 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,362 psi | 88% | 3150 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,362 psi | 88% | 3150 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,492 psi | 87% | 3127 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,492 psi | 87% | 3127 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,288 psi | 87% | 3123 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,288 psi | 87% | 3123 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,476 psi | 85% | 3097 fps | 98.2% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,476 psi | 85% | 3097 fps | 98.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,085 psi | 85% | 3127 fps | 97.7% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,085 psi | 85% | 3127 fps | 97.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,172 psi | 86% | 3130 fps | 98.2% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,172 psi | 86% | 3130 fps | 98.2% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,463 psi | 88% | 3199 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,463 psi | 88% | 3199 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3136 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3136 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,636 psi | 86% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,636 psi | 86% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,869 psi | 89% | 3110 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,869 psi | 89% | 3110 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,158 psi | 86% | 3114 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,158 psi | 86% | 3114 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3123 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3123 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3163 fps | 98.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3163 fps | 98.6% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,046 psi | 64% | 2897 fps | 96.1% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,046 psi | 64% | 2897 fps | 96.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,521 psi | 89% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,521 psi | 89% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,435 psi | 90% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,435 psi | 90% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,898 psi | 88% | 3173 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,898 psi | 88% | 3173 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,897 psi | 86% | 3176 fps | 96.6% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,897 psi | 86% | 3176 fps | 96.6% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,084 psi | 83% | 3248 fps | 98% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,084 psi | 83% | 3248 fps | 98% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,665 psi | 86% | 3189 fps | 99.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,665 psi | 86% | 3189 fps | 99.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,884 psi | 89% | 3196 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,884 psi | 89% | 3196 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,421 psi | 90% | 3245 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,421 psi | 90% | 3245 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,927 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,927 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,101 psi | 89% | 3176 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,101 psi | 89% | 3176 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,579 psi | 57% | 2037 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,579 psi | 57% | 2037 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,215 psi | 85% | 3117 fps | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,215 psi | 85% | 3117 fps | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,780 psi | 84% | 3199 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,780 psi | 84% | 3199 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,056 psi | 85% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,056 psi | 85% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,970 psi | 88% | 3228 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,970 psi | 88% | 3228 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,766 psi | 86% | 3258 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,766 psi | 86% | 3258 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,043 psi | 89% | 3173 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,043 psi | 89% | 3173 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 905ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,608 psi | 87% | 3215 fps | 97.2% |
| Rottweil R 905ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,608 psi | 87% | 3215 fps | 97.2% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,811 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 98.1% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,811 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 98.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3123 fps | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3123 fps | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,636 psi | 86% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,636 psi | 86% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,158 psi | 86% | 3114 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,158 psi | 86% | 3114 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3163 fps | 98.6% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3163 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,303 psi | 87% | 3179 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,303 psi | 87% | 3179 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,753 psi | 87% | 3136 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,753 psi | 87% | 3136 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,637 psi | 89% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,637 psi | 89% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,638 psi | 90% | 3064 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,638 psi | 90% | 3064 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,955 psi | 86% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,955 psi | 86% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3071 fps | 98.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3071 fps | 98.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,143 psi | 86% | 3209 fps | 97.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,143 psi | 86% | 3209 fps | 97.1% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 3054 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 3054 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,492 psi | 87% | 3123 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,492 psi | 87% | 3123 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,014 psi | 89% | 3169 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,014 psi | 89% | 3169 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,682 psi | 90% | 3251 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,682 psi | 90% | 3251 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,333 psi | 88% | 3189 fps | 98% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,333 psi | 88% | 3189 fps | 98% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,737 psi | 86% | 2995 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,737 psi | 86% | 2995 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,392 psi | 90% | 3087 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,392 psi | 90% | 3087 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,389 psi | 85% | 3054 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,389 psi | 85% | 3054 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,984 psi | 86% | 3087 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,984 psi | 86% | 3087 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 3189 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 3189 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,472 psi | 76% | 3031 fps | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,472 psi | 76% | 3031 fps | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,305 psi | 90% | 3133 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,305 psi | 90% | 3133 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,275 psi | 88% | 3100 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,275 psi | 88% | 3100 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,130 psi | 88% | 3189 fps | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,130 psi | 88% | 3189 fps | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,446 psi | 82% | 3182 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,446 psi | 82% | 3182 fps | 99.8% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,101 psi | 89% | 3153 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,101 psi | 89% | 3153 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,027 psi | 86% | 3202 fps | 98.3% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,027 psi | 86% | 3202 fps | 98.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,221 psi | 66% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,221 psi | 66% | 3130 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,840 psi | 89% | 3166 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,840 psi | 89% | 3166 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,055 psi | 83% | 3120 fps | 96.4% |
| Winchester Supreme 780ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,055 psi | 83% | 3120 fps | 96.4% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,442 psi | 74% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,442 psi | 74% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,412 psi | 73% | 2927 fps | 95.7% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,412 psi | 73% | 2927 fps | 95.7% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 94% | 40,350 psi | 63% | 2881 fps | 95.9% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 94% | 40,350 psi | 63% | 2881 fps | 95.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,947 psi | 70% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,947 psi | 70% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,779 psi | 53% | 2746 fps | 95.3% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,779 psi | 53% | 2746 fps | 95.3% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,923 psi | 80% | 3074 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,923 psi | 80% | 3074 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,395 psi | 68% | 2907 fps | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,395 psi | 68% | 2907 fps | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,328 psi | 79% | 3117 fps | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,328 psi | 79% | 3117 fps | 95.7% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,098 psi | 83% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,098 psi | 83% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,601 psi | 75% | 3130 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,601 psi | 75% | 3130 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,256 psi | 79% | 3114 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,453 psi | 68% | 2933 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,453 psi | 68% | 2933 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,456 psi | 73% | 3002 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,456 psi | 73% | 3002 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,707 psi | 53% | 2769 fps | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,707 psi | 53% | 2769 fps | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 67.8 gr | 80% | 38,029 psi | 60% | 2907 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 67.8 gr | 80% | 38,029 psi | 60% | 2907 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,574 psi | 78% | 3104 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,574 psi | 78% | 3104 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 98% | 46,702 psi | 73% | 3091 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 98% | 46,702 psi | 73% | 3091 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 86% | 29,573 psi | 46% | 2661 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 86% | 29,573 psi | 46% | 2661 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 98% | 38,435 psi | 60% | 2920 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 98% | 38,435 psi | 60% | 2920 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 90% | 37,086 psi | 58% | 2936 fps | 96.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 90% | 37,086 psi | 58% | 2936 fps | 96.2% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,981 psi | 80% | 3084 fps | 99.5% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,981 psi | 80% | 3084 fps | 99.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,555 psi | 68% | 2940 fps | 99.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,555 psi | 68% | 2940 fps | 99.7% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 46,702 psi | 73% | 3091 fps | 95% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 46,702 psi | 73% | 3091 fps | 95% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 43,845 psi | 69% | 2910 fps | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 43,845 psi | 69% | 2910 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,055 psi | 83% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,055 psi | 83% | 3107 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,150 psi | 69% | 2946 fps | 98% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,150 psi | 69% | 2946 fps | 98% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,698 psi | 65% | 2940 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,698 psi | 65% | 2940 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,109 psi | 75% | 3035 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,109 psi | 75% | 3035 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,517 psi | 81% | 3084 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,517 psi | 81% | 3084 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,951 psi | 49% | 2651 fps | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,951 psi | 49% | 2651 fps | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,124 psi | 75% | 3058 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,124 psi | 75% | 3058 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 86% | 44,193 psi | 69% | 3022 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 86% | 44,193 psi | 69% | 3022 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,760 psi | 42% | 1781 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,760 psi | 42% | 1781 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,371 psi | 77% | 3031 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,371 psi | 77% | 3031 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,040 psi | 82% | 3074 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,040 psi | 82% | 3074 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,629 psi | 72% | 2946 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,629 psi | 72% | 2946 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,993 psi | 75% | 2976 fps | 96.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,993 psi | 75% | 2976 fps | 96.9% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,628 psi | 70% | 2943 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,628 psi | 70% | 2943 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 42,815 psi | 67% | 2890 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 42,815 psi | 67% | 2890 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,735 psi | 51% | 2703 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,735 psi | 51% | 2703 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,674 psi | 75% | 3038 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,674 psi | 75% | 3038 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,098 psi | 83% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,098 psi | 83% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,937 psi | 80% | 3048 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,937 psi | 80% | 3048 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,328 psi | 79% | 3002 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,328 psi | 79% | 3002 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,556 psi | 71% | 2946 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,556 psi | 71% | 2946 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 59% | 2766 fps | 95.2% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 59% | 2766 fps | 95.2% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 84% | 40,524 psi | 64% | 2858 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 84% | 40,524 psi | 64% | 2858 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 98% | 38,435 psi | 60% | 2838 fps | 95.2% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 98% | 38,435 psi | 60% | 2838 fps | 95.2% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,647 psi | 78% | 3015 fps | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,647 psi | 78% | 3015 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,444 psi | 79% | 3018 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,444 psi | 79% | 3018 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,788 psi | 72% | 2989 fps | 99.5% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,788 psi | 72% | 2989 fps | 99.5% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,329 psi | 80% | 3117 fps | 95.8% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,329 psi | 80% | 3117 fps | 95.8% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 94% | 42,917 psi | 67% | 3038 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 94% | 42,917 psi | 67% | 3038 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,997 psi | 53% | 2749 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,997 psi | 53% | 2749 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,238 psi | 72% | 3012 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,238 psi | 72% | 3012 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,828 psi | 64% | 2927 fps | 95.9% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,828 psi | 64% | 2927 fps | 95.9% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,316 psi | 84% | 3094 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,316 psi | 84% | 3094 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,388 psi | 84% | 3117 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,388 psi | 84% | 3117 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,137 psi | 43% | 1824 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,137 psi | 43% | 1824 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 69% | 2927 fps | 96.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 69% | 2927 fps | 96.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,256 psi | 79% | 3133 fps | 99.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,256 psi | 79% | 3133 fps | 99.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 67.8 gr | 80% | 40,495 psi | 63% | 2979 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 67.8 gr | 80% | 40,495 psi | 63% | 2979 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,260 psi | 57% | 2831 fps | 95.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,260 psi | 57% | 2831 fps | 95.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 70.6 gr | 82% | 35,723 psi | 56% | 2838 fps | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 70.6 gr | 82% | 35,723 psi | 56% | 2838 fps | 95% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,635 psi | 84% | 3051 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,635 psi | 84% | 3051 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,253 psi | 74% | 2963 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,253 psi | 74% | 2963 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,756 psi | 64% | 2874 fps | 99.2% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,756 psi | 64% | 2874 fps | 99.2% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,501 psi | 76% | 3084 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,501 psi | 76% | 3084 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 84% | 43,845 psi | 69% | 2910 fps | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 84% | 43,845 psi | 69% | 2910 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 59% | 2766 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 59% | 2766 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,937 psi | 80% | 3048 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,937 psi | 80% | 3048 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,556 psi | 71% | 2946 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,556 psi | 71% | 2946 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 40,524 psi | 64% | 2858 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 40,524 psi | 64% | 2858 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,221 psi | 66% | 2936 fps | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,221 psi | 66% | 2936 fps | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,011 psi | 82% | 3071 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,011 psi | 82% | 3071 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,676 psi | 78% | 3041 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,676 psi | 78% | 3041 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,749 psi | 80% | 2956 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,749 psi | 80% | 2956 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,641 psi | 67% | 2805 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,641 psi | 67% | 2805 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,872 psi | 66% | 2828 fps | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,872 psi | 66% | 2828 fps | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,051 psi | 75% | 3077 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,051 psi | 75% | 3077 fps | 95.4% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,401 psi | 79% | 2949 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,401 psi | 79% | 2949 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,822 psi | 81% | 3064 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,822 psi | 81% | 3064 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,307 psi | 65% | 2877 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,307 psi | 65% | 2877 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,516 psi | 48% | 2694 fps | 97.5% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,516 psi | 48% | 2694 fps | 97.5% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,977 psi | 72% | 2999 fps | 95.8% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,977 psi | 72% | 2999 fps | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,285 psi | 80% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,285 psi | 80% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,326 psi | 74% | 2933 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,326 psi | 74% | 2933 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,747 psi | 75% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,747 psi | 75% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,407 psi | 62% | 2805 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,407 psi | 62% | 2805 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,404 psi | 55% | 2756 fps | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,404 psi | 55% | 2756 fps | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,295 psi | 71% | 2969 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,295 psi | 71% | 2969 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,664 psi | 84% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,664 psi | 84% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,296 psi | 73% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,296 psi | 73% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,041 psi | 55% | 2756 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,041 psi | 55% | 2756 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 86% | 32,401 psi | 51% | 2746 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 86% | 32,401 psi | 51% | 2746 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,041 psi | 55% | 2730 fps | 98.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,041 psi | 55% | 2730 fps | 98.1% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,698 psi | 65% | 2940 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,698 psi | 65% | 2940 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 90% | 29,863 psi | 47% | 2756 fps | 96.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 90% | 29,863 psi | 47% | 2756 fps | 96.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,603 psi | 78% | 3048 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,603 psi | 78% | 3048 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 49,255 psi | 77% | 3051 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 49,255 psi | 77% | 3051 fps | 95.4% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 199 powders for .300 Weath. Mag. loaded with the .308 | 146gr | Peregrine Glider (Glider GRM). Alliant Reloder-26 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,304 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,988 fps to 3,304 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 199 of the 199 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (440 MPa), the top charges use 56–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 146.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:11.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .300 Weath. Mag. with the .308 | 146gr | Peregrine Glider (Glider GRM) they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.