Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .30-06 Spring. with .308 | 200gr | Swift A-Frame bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,663 psi | 90% | 2395 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,024 psi | 87% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,634 psi | 90% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,038 psi | 85% | 2415 fps | 96.9% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,408 psi | 70% | 2379 fps | 96.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,256 psi | 87% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,430 psi | 86% | 2533 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,677 psi | 88% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,649 psi | 90% | 2490 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2444 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,227 psi | 87% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,923 psi | 87% | 2592 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,518 psi | 89% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,997 psi | 90% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,909 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,866 psi | 90% | 2618 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,581 psi | 67% | 2405 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,121 psi | 75% | 2552 fps | 98.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,053 psi | 87% | 2500 fps | 99.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,924 psi | 90% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,098 psi | 90% | 2497 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,286 psi | 89% | 2425 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,084 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,343 psi | 86% | 2484 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,082 psi | 85% | 2533 fps | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,821 psi | 87% | 2500 fps | 96.7% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,243 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,488 psi | 88% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,285 psi | 87% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,966 psi | 85% | 2559 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,752 psi | 61% | 1526 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,951 psi | 85% | 2451 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,953 psi | 88% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,996 psi | 89% | 2470 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,982 psi | 88% | 2454 fps | 98% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,995 psi | 85% | 2474 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,851 psi | 88% | 2480 fps | 97.9% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,329 psi | 87% | 2533 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,981 psi | 87% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2444 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,024 psi | 87% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,198 psi | 87% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,866 psi | 88% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,039 psi | 87% | 2474 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,054 psi | 89% | 2507 fps | 98.3% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,560 psi | 86% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,850 psi | 87% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,243 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,285 psi | 86% | 2513 fps | 96% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,135 psi | 75% | 2513 fps | 96.4% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,098 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,605 psi | 90% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2569 fps | 98.9% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,517 psi | 86% | 2457 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,212 psi | 85% | 2474 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,114 psi | 61% | 1558 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,749 psi | 86% | 2470 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,763 psi | 85% | 2533 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,765 psi | 90% | 2618 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,096 psi | 85% | 2556 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,127 psi | 90% | 2628 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,692 psi | 88% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,053 psi | 87% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,736 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,098 psi | 90% | 2497 fps | 97.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,039 psi | 87% | 2474 fps | 98.9% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,024 psi | 87% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,866 psi | 88% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,054 psi | 89% | 2507 fps | 98.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,111 psi | 87% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,272 psi | 89% | 2484 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,127 psi | 90% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,199 psi | 89% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,300 psi | 87% | 2431 fps | 97.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,430 psi | 88% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,069 psi | 89% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,951 psi | 85% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,097 psi | 87% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,587 psi | 81% | 2470 fps | 96.7% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,199 psi | 89% | 2369 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,662 psi | 86% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,271 psi | 87% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,140 psi | 87% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,141 psi | 89% | 2520 fps | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,039 psi | 87% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,663 psi | 90% | 2461 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,111 psi | 87% | 2526 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,337 psi | 74% | 2470 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,402 psi | 89% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,604 psi | 86% | 2480 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,082 psi | 85% | 2533 fps | 97.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,331 psi | 60% | 2415 fps | 99.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,881 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,327 psi | 84% | 2352 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,206 psi | 72% | 2297 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,008 psi | 83% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 44,092 psi | 75% | 2320 fps | 95.5% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 36,027 psi | 61% | 2280 fps | 95.3% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,929 psi | 68% | 2293 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,285 psi | 53% | 2192 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,484 psi | 77% | 2395 fps | 99.7% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,624 psi | 66% | 2260 fps | 98.3% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,572 psi | 81% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,095 psi | 82% | 2375 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,336 psi | 70% | 2428 fps | 98.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,406 psi | 65% | 2283 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,205 psi | 70% | 2339 fps | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,734 psi | 54% | 2201 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 45.2 gr | 80% | 33,098 psi | 56% | 2264 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 88% | 27,543 psi | 47% | 2123 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 92% | 33,504 psi | 57% | 2326 fps | 95.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,744 psi | 76% | 2402 fps | 99.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,159 psi | 65% | 2290 fps | 99.4% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,582 psi | 71% | 2310 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,139 psi | 84% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,398 psi | 79% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,769 psi | 66% | 2290 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,886 psi | 70% | 2382 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,730 psi | 76% | 2402 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,919 psi | 78% | 2405 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,369 psi | 47% | 2067 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,887 psi | 71% | 2382 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | 53.8 gr | 90% | 43,627 psi | 74% | 2451 fps | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,484 psi | 45% | 1358 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,150 psi | 75% | 2362 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,600 psi | 78% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,567 psi | 69% | 2290 fps | 98.8% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,033 psi | 73% | 2310 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,539 psi | 71% | 2333 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 40,553 psi | 69% | 2293 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 82% | 30,443 psi | 52% | 2156 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,206 psi | 72% | 2365 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,572 psi | 81% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,715 psi | 76% | 2375 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,339 psi | 77% | 2333 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,553 psi | 69% | 2293 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,462 psi | 60% | 2201 fps | 95.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,014 psi | 65% | 2270 fps | 95% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,715 psi | 76% | 2352 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,947 psi | 77% | 2356 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,567 psi | 69% | 2329 fps | 99.2% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,065 psi | 80% | 2461 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 41,336 psi | 70% | 2457 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,705 psi | 54% | 2192 fps | 95.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,074 psi | 68% | 2343 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 88% | 37,681 psi | 64% | 2326 fps | 95.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,471 psi | 81% | 2408 fps | 98.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,137 psi | 80% | 2428 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,905 psi | 46% | 1391 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,146 psi | 67% | 2274 fps | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,424 psi | 74% | 2434 fps | 99.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,215 psi | 60% | 2320 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 84% | 33,185 psi | 56% | 2254 fps | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 49.4 gr | 86% | 35,708 psi | 61% | 2313 fps | 95.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,501 psi | 83% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,569 psi | 72% | 2310 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,781 psi | 61% | 2238 fps | 98.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,582 psi | 71% | 2310 fps | 95.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,462 psi | 60% | 2201 fps | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,715 psi | 76% | 2375 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,553 psi | 69% | 2293 fps | 99.8% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,014 psi | 65% | 2270 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,709 psi | 62% | 2283 fps | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,687 psi | 78% | 2385 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,961 psi | 75% | 2369 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,035 psi | 78% | 2303 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,377 psi | 65% | 2188 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,421 psi | 67% | 2244 fps | 95.2% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,585 psi | 78% | 2303 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,571 psi | 78% | 2382 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,767 psi | 63% | 2247 fps | 98.8% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,701 psi | 45% | 2103 fps | 96.9% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,713 psi | 71% | 2375 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,383 psi | 79% | 2293 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,134 psi | 72% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,453 psi | 72% | 2297 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,795 psi | 59% | 2185 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,009 psi | 53% | 2146 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,776 psi | 81% | 2395 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,843 psi | 70% | 2290 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 82% | 32,489 psi | 55% | 2195 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 88% | 29,443 psi | 50% | 2188 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,864 psi | 53% | 2126 fps | 97.3% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,398 psi | 81% | 2434 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,537 psi | 66% | 2336 fps | 95% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 92% | 27,485 psi | 47% | 2188 fps | 95.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,337 psi | 74% | 2372 fps | 99.7% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 113 powders for .30-06 Spring. loaded with the .308 | 200gr | Swift A-Frame. ReloadSwiss RS 70 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,628 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,526 fps to 2,628 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 113 of the 113 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (405 MPa), the top charges use 58–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 200.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:13.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, ADI AR 2213 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for .30-06 Spring. with the .308 | 200gr | Swift A-Frame they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. As outliers, ADI AR 2213, Alliant Reloder-22, Bofors RP15 burn incompletely and react more sensitively to barrel length and temperature. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.