Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .30-06 R Stief with .308 | 180gr | Swift A-Frame bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60 and Hodgdon H414.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,502 psi | 86% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,388 psi | 89% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,575 psi | 86% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,648 psi | 88% | 2575 fps | 96.3% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,373 psi | 89% | 2628 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,605 psi | 88% | 2697 fps | 99.4% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,866 psi | 90% | 2654 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,763 psi | 86% | 2608 fps | 99.5% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,054 psi | 89% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,417 psi | 89% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,257 psi | 89% | 2759 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,415 psi | 86% | 2625 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,923 psi | 87% | 2644 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,026 psi | 90% | 2749 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,647 psi | 86% | 2733 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,942 psi | 65% | 2503 fps | 98.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,061 psi | 72% | 2644 fps | 97.5% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,475 psi | 89% | 2664 fps | 99.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,097 psi | 87% | 2608 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,792 psi | 86% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,140 psi | 87% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,736 psi | 90% | 2723 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,895 psi | 88% | 2651 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,227 psi | 87% | 2694 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,054 psi | 89% | 2657 fps | 96% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,227 psi | 86% | 2618 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,414 psi | 84% | 2635 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,692 psi | 90% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,532 psi | 88% | 2720 fps | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,360 psi | 60% | 1621 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,445 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,980 psi | 85% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,241 psi | 86% | 2592 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,270 psi | 86% | 2566 fps | 96.9% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,300 psi | 87% | 2631 fps | 96.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,142 psi | 90% | 2641 fps | 97.4% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,112 psi | 89% | 2687 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,214 psi | 89% | 2674 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,054 psi | 89% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,417 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,663 psi | 90% | 2589 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,402 psi | 89% | 2635 fps | 98.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,995 psi | 85% | 2618 fps | 97.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,866 psi | 88% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,127 psi | 89% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,140 psi | 85% | 2631 fps | 99.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,952 psi | 87% | 2687 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,488 psi | 86% | 2654 fps | 99.7% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 49,821 psi | 85% | 2680 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,170 psi | 89% | 2625 fps | 98.6% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,576 psi | 88% | 2641 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,866 psi | 90% | 2612 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,897 psi | 61% | 1660 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,170 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 97.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,068 psi | 87% | 2703 fps | 99.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,459 psi | 86% | 2736 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,111 psi | 87% | 2717 fps | 99.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,213 psi | 87% | 2743 fps | 98.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,808 psi | 90% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,359 psi | 89% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,604 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,097 psi | 87% | 2608 fps | 96.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,402 psi | 89% | 2635 fps | 98.5% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,417 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,995 psi | 85% | 2618 fps | 97.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,315 psi | 89% | 2690 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,372 psi | 86% | 2598 fps | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,343 psi | 87% | 2628 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,169 psi | 85% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,198 psi | 85% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,692 psi | 90% | 2589 fps | 97.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,055 psi | 90% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,823 psi | 90% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,125 psi | 85% | 2595 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,285 psi | 87% | 2635 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,617 psi | 83% | 2690 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,040 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,430 psi | 86% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,692 psi | 88% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,663 psi | 90% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,649 psi | 90% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,140 psi | 85% | 2638 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,388 psi | 89% | 2608 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,807 psi | 86% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,460 psi | 89% | 2690 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,162 psi | 70% | 2572 fps | 98.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,372 psi | 86% | 2618 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,098 psi | 89% | 2651 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,227 psi | 87% | 2694 fps | 97.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 33,997 psi | 58% | 2497 fps | 98.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,155 psi | 87% | 2635 fps | 99.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,718 psi | 81% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,147 psi | 68% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,195 psi | 80% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,385 psi | 82% | 2523 fps | 95.6% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,985 psi | 65% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,055 psi | 58% | 2379 fps | 95.5% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,729 psi | 74% | 2503 fps | 99% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,289 psi | 63% | 2365 fps | 97.1% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,818 psi | 78% | 2513 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,180 psi | 79% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,798 psi | 68% | 2533 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,840 psi | 63% | 2388 fps | 98.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,494 psi | 67% | 2444 fps | 97.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,635 psi | 59% | 2395 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 47.3 gr | 80% | 31,691 psi | 54% | 2349 fps | 96.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 92% | 29,762 psi | 51% | 2300 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 36,622 psi | 62% | 2523 fps | 95.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,033 psi | 73% | 2510 fps | 98.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,376 psi | 62% | 2388 fps | 98.5% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,179 psi | 77% | 2510 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,558 psi | 81% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,686 psi | 76% | 2536 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,182 psi | 84% | 2667 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,275 psi | 63% | 2392 fps | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon H414 | 52.1 gr | 90% | 41,959 psi | 71% | 2533 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,008 psi | 83% | 2608 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,150 psi | 75% | 2516 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 84% | 29,675 psi | 51% | 2247 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,030 psi | 68% | 2487 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,730 psi | 76% | 2602 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,324 psi | 45% | 1447 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,482 psi | 72% | 2474 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,787 psi | 75% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,146 psi | 67% | 2398 fps | 97.8% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 44,324 psi | 75% | 2467 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,179 psi | 77% | 2530 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,338 psi | 75% | 2493 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,083 psi | 56% | 2343 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,466 psi | 69% | 2474 fps | 98.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,818 psi | 78% | 2513 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,888 psi | 73% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,947 psi | 75% | 2448 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,044 psi | 66% | 2402 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,696 psi | 66% | 2395 fps | 95.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,379 psi | 70% | 2467 fps | 95% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,844 psi | 73% | 2461 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,250 psi | 74% | 2470 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,885 psi | 66% | 2434 fps | 98.2% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,548 psi | 59% | 2385 fps | 95.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,493 psi | 66% | 2448 fps | 98% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,017 psi | 70% | 2523 fps | 95.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,861 psi | 78% | 2520 fps | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,194 psi | 77% | 2539 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,574 psi | 84% | 2562 fps | 99.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,672 psi | 45% | 1483 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,277 psi | 69% | 2428 fps | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,437 psi | 71% | 2539 fps | 98.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 47.3 gr | 80% | 33,736 psi | 57% | 2415 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 88% | 36,216 psi | 62% | 2448 fps | 95.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 39,102 psi | 67% | 2513 fps | 95.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,992 psi | 80% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,886 psi | 70% | 2418 fps | 99.4% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,185 psi | 58% | 2336 fps | 97.6% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,179 psi | 77% | 2510 fps | 95.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,696 psi | 66% | 2395 fps | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,888 psi | 73% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,044 psi | 66% | 2402 fps | 99.2% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,379 psi | 70% | 2467 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,186 psi | 60% | 2382 fps | 97.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,976 psi | 75% | 2493 fps | 97.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,337 psi | 72% | 2477 fps | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,382 psi | 76% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,898 psi | 63% | 2297 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 43,250 psi | 74% | 2441 fps | 95.2% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,676 psi | 85% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,801 psi | 75% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,830 psi | 75% | 2493 fps | 99% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,056 psi | 60% | 2343 fps | 97.7% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 82% | 27,151 psi | 46% | 2234 fps | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,125 psi | 85% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,715 psi | 76% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,364 psi | 69% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,814 psi | 69% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,330 psi | 57% | 2283 fps | 98.4% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 84% | 33,852 psi | 58% | 2336 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,919 psi | 78% | 2510 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,363 psi | 67% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,534 psi | 60% | 2388 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 92% | 31,778 psi | 54% | 2369 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,747 psi | 51% | 2215 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,397 psi | 77% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,177 psi | 72% | 2539 fps | 95% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 96% | 29,791 psi | 51% | 2369 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,785 psi | 71% | 2484 fps | 99.2% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .30-06 R Stief loaded with the .308 | 180gr | Swift A-Frame. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,759 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,621 fps to 2,759 fps. Alliant Reloder-16 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (405 MPa), the top charges use 58–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 180.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:14.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Hodgdon H414 rank at the top here: for .30-06 R Stief with the .308 | 180gr | Swift A-Frame they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.