Load Specifications
Load data in caliber 7 x 64 Brenneke with .284 | 168gr | Berger VLD Hunting bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,069 psi | 88% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,329 psi | 85% | 2523 fps | 97.9% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,963 psi | 78% | 2549 fps | 98.7% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,287 psi | 89% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,330 psi | 89% | 2657 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,823 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,041 psi | 90% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,966 psi | 85% | 2635 fps | 97.1% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,707 psi | 88% | 2703 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,242 psi | 85% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,271 psi | 85% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,099 psi | 90% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,779 psi | 86% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,374 psi | 89% | 2677 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,094 psi | 78% | 2621 fps | 96.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,367 psi | 74% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,073 psi | 65% | 2493 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,285 psi | 84% | 2746 fps | 99.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,475 psi | 87% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,721 psi | 86% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,094 psi | 78% | 2621 fps | 96.6% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,547 psi | 86% | 2562 fps | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,083 psi | 87% | 2592 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,257 psi | 87% | 2654 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,504 psi | 87% | 2615 fps | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,417 psi | 89% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,317 psi | 90% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,272 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,156 psi | 87% | 2687 fps | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,143 psi | 60% | 1594 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,227 psi | 85% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,867 psi | 89% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,592 psi | 89% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,084 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 98.8% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,866 psi | 86% | 2592 fps | 98.2% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,229 psi | 88% | 2592 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,766 psi | 89% | 2648 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,576 psi | 87% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduronᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,360 psi | 90% | 2625 fps | 96% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,895 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,243 psi | 87% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,621 psi | 89% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,808 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,722 psi | 89% | 2621 fps | 99% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,320 psi | 65% | 2418 fps | 97.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,764 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,214 psi | 87% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,085 psi | 90% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,127 psi | 87% | 2635 fps | 97.2% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,864 psi | 83% | 2700 fps | 98.5% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,025 psi | 86% | 2641 fps | 99.9% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,375 psi | 90% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,375 psi | 90% | 2690 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,651 psi | 61% | 1631 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,156 psi | 87% | 2579 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,880 psi | 86% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,358 psi | 85% | 2680 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,968 psi | 88% | 2680 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,808 psi | 86% | 2700 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,388 psi | 87% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,561 psi | 86% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,866 psi | 88% | 2612 fps | 96.3% |
| Rottweil R 905ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,678 psi | 88% | 2667 fps | 97.7% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,547 psi | 86% | 2562 fps | 98.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,808 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,895 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,621 psi | 89% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,722 psi | 89% | 2621 fps | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,156 psi | 88% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,911 psi | 90% | 2592 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,343 psi | 85% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,750 psi | 88% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,243 psi | 88% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,562 psi | 87% | 2539 fps | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,185 psi | 87% | 2661 fps | 97.6% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,460 psi | 87% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,417 psi | 89% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,822 psi | 86% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,041 psi | 90% | 2690 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,301 psi | 89% | 2644 fps | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,402 psi | 87% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,895 psi | 88% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,939 psi | 88% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,908 psi | 85% | 2585 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,745 psi | 76% | 2513 fps | 96.6% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,201 psi | 90% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,461 psi | 89% | 2644 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,400 psi | 82% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,041 psi | 90% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,257 psi | 87% | 2654 fps | 98.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,871 psi | 66% | 2608 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,169 psi | 85% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,893 psi | 83% | 2585 fps | 96.8% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,673 psi | 78% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,150 psi | 75% | 2421 fps | 96.6% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 90% | 33,547 psi | 56% | 2297 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,193 psi | 73% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,996 psi | 55% | 2293 fps | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,705 psi | 83% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,308 psi | 70% | 2405 fps | 99.4% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,947 psi | 75% | 2533 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,876 psi | 76% | 2595 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,264 psi | 70% | 2428 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,324 psi | 75% | 2490 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,808 psi | 55% | 2303 fps | 97% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 43 gr | 80% | 36,782 psi | 61% | 2421 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,382 psi | 74% | 2526 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 98% | 44,222 psi | 73% | 2569 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 82% | 25,454 psi | 42% | 2129 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 96% | 34,432 psi | 57% | 2382 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 86% | 30,777 psi | 51% | 2336 fps | 95.2% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,124 psi | 82% | 2552 fps | 99.8% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,192 psi | 70% | 2434 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 44,222 psi | 73% | 2569 fps | 95.8% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,059 psi | 67% | 2362 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,902 psi | 71% | 2444 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,463 psi | 62% | 2388 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 43,439 psi | 72% | 2461 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,227 psi | 83% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,458 psi | 51% | 2215 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,470 psi | 77% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | 47.7 gr | 84% | 39,189 psi | 65% | 2451 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,876 psi | 45% | 1421 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,182 psi | 80% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,459 psi | 84% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,425 psi | 74% | 2438 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,760 psi | 78% | 2461 fps | 97.8% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,422 psi | 67% | 2395 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,131 psi | 65% | 2346 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,923 psi | 53% | 2254 fps | 96.6% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,456 psi | 77% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,836 psi | 84% | 2572 fps | 95.2% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,327 psi | 82% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,211 psi | 82% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,570 psi | 74% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,680 psi | 61% | 2300 fps | 96.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,231 psi | 62% | 2329 fps | 95.5% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 96% | 34,432 psi | 57% | 2316 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,631 psi | 81% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,066 psi | 82% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,672 psi | 74% | 2477 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,600 psi | 76% | 2526 fps | 95.7% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 92% | 38,043 psi | 63% | 2477 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,272 psi | 55% | 2297 fps | 96.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,643 psi | 74% | 2497 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 82% | 34,418 psi | 57% | 2329 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,398 psi | 46% | 1457 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,975 psi | 71% | 2428 fps | 97.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,298 psi | 80% | 2592 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,102 psi | 65% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,721 psi | 54% | 2310 fps | 96.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 43.7 gr | 80% | 32,358 psi | 54% | 2313 fps | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,282 psi | 77% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,987 psi | 66% | 2388 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,647 psi | 82% | 2562 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 94% | 43,149 psi | 72% | 2507 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,059 psi | 67% | 2362 fps | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,680 psi | 61% | 2300 fps | 96.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,327 psi | 82% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,570 psi | 74% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,231 psi | 62% | 2329 fps | 95.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,712 psi | 68% | 2434 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,372 psi | 84% | 2539 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,051 psi | 80% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,835 psi | 83% | 2434 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,843 psi | 70% | 2316 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 38,247 psi | 64% | 2297 fps | 95.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 42,728 psi | 71% | 2503 fps | 95.4% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,400 psi | 82% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,966 psi | 83% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,393 psi | 67% | 2388 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,820 psi | 50% | 2257 fps | 98.8% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,464 psi | 64% | 2392 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,299 psi | 84% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,369 psi | 77% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,731 psi | 78% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,609 psi | 64% | 2329 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,505 psi | 57% | 2297 fps | 97.2% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 96% | 40,335 psi | 67% | 2418 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,947 psi | 75% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,055 psi | 57% | 2297 fps | 96.8% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 82% | 27,470 psi | 46% | 2198 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,881 psi | 56% | 2270 fps | 98.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,695 psi | 63% | 2395 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 86% | 25,411 psi | 42% | 2201 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,819 psi | 79% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 96% | 43,482 psi | 72% | 2477 fps | 95.2% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for 7 x 64 Brenneke loaded with the .284 | 168gr | Berger VLD Hunting. Alliant Reloder-26 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,746 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,594 fps to 2,746 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (415 MPa), the top charges use 60–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 168.0 gr projectile in 0.284" calls for a 1:10.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, Alliant Reloder-19, Alliant Reloder-22 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for 7 x 64 Brenneke with the .284 | 168gr | Berger VLD Hunting they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.