Load Specifications
Bullet Manufacturer:RWS
Bullet Weight:162 gr
Bullet Diameter:0.284"
Bullet Length:<<locked>>
Caliber:7 mm-08 Rem. load data
Case Length (l3):2.035"
Cartridge Length (C.O.L.):<<locked>>
Case Capacity:55 Grains of Water
Primer Size:Large Rifle (LR)
Barrel Length:24"
Max. allowed Pressure:60,191 psi
Recommended Twist Rate:1:12.5
Load data in caliber 7 mm-08 Rem. with .284 | 162gr | RWS Kegelspitz bullet and 197 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60 and Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,373 psi | 87% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,503 psi | 86% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,679 psi | 89% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,301 psi | 89% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,592 psi | 89% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,794 psi | 88% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,924 psi | 86% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,184 psi | 85% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,272 psi | 89% | 2523 fps | 96.6% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,692 psi | 88% | 2507 fps | 96.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,548 psi | 89% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,808 psi | 88% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,591 psi | 87% | 2638 fps | 99.5% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,866 psi | 86% | 2625 fps | 99.4% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,242 psi | 85% | 2552 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,824 psi | 89% | 2585 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,924 psi | 86% | 2549 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,648 psi | 86% | 2539 fps | 99.5% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,693 psi | 89% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,939 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,911 psi | 90% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,403 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,853 psi | 89% | 2707 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2694 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,837 psi | 86% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,111 psi | 85% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,518 psi | 87% | 2592 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,866 psi | 86% | 2575 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,879 psi | 85% | 2641 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,299 psi | 84% | 2625 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,880 psi | 86% | 2677 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,314 psi | 85% | 2664 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,187 psi | 60% | 2398 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,737 psi | 59% | 2382 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,929 psi | 66% | 2533 fps | 96.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,552 psi | 66% | 2520 fps | 96.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,882 psi | 90% | 2612 fps | 99.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,258 psi | 88% | 2595 fps | 99.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,054 psi | 86% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,343 psi | 85% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,417 psi | 87% | 2549 fps | 96.8% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,822 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,185 psi | 87% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,851 psi | 86% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,634 psi | 87% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,996 psi | 86% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,749 psi | 84% | 2618 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,809 psi | 89% | 2657 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,389 psi | 90% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,548 psi | 89% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,447 psi | 90% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,055 psi | 88% | 2592 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,417 psi | 87% | 2579 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,344 psi | 87% | 2638 fps | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,401 psi | 85% | 2618 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,432 psi | 89% | 2602 fps | 96.3% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,837 psi | 88% | 2589 fps | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,706 psi | 86% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,346 psi | 90% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,326 psi | 79% | 2533 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,427 psi | 77% | 2513 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,751 psi | 89% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,055 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2671 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,460 psi | 87% | 2651 fps | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,288 psi | 59% | 1549 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,157 psi | 58% | 1542 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,678 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,359 psi | 87% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,343 psi | 85% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,012 psi | 90% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,706 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,375 psi | 90% | 2569 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,663 psi | 86% | 2510 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,416 psi | 85% | 2503 fps | 97% |
| IMR 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,562 psi | 87% | 2575 fps | 96.8% |
| IMR 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,663 psi | 86% | 2556 fps | 96.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,433 psi | 90% | 2582 fps | 97.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,867 psi | 89% | 2569 fps | 97.4% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,806 psi | 83% | 2582 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,182 psi | 82% | 2569 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,838 psi | 89% | 2618 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,156 psi | 88% | 2605 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,693 psi | 89% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,939 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,447 psi | 89% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,055 psi | 88% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,983 psi | 90% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,272 psi | 89% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,273 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,577 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,389 psi | 90% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,085 psi | 90% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,679 psi | 89% | 2579 fps | 98.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,113 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 98.5% |
| Lovex S070ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,157 psi | 90% | 2605 fps | 97.9% |
| Lovex S070ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,592 psi | 89% | 2592 fps | 97.7% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,171 psi | 88% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,808 psi | 88% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,563 psi | 89% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,185 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,764 psi | 86% | 2582 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,404 psi | 90% | 2612 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,779 psi | 86% | 2628 fps | 99.3% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,169 psi | 85% | 2615 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,866 psi | 86% | 2602 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,213 psi | 85% | 2589 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,937 psi | 85% | 2625 fps | 98% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,111 psi | 83% | 2608 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,925 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,316 psi | 89% | 2559 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,200 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 99.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,605 psi | 87% | 2575 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,314 psi | 85% | 2510 fps | 99.7% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,838 psi | 89% | 2543 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,737 psi | 59% | 1588 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,621 psi | 59% | 1581 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,040 psi | 88% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,692 psi | 88% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,679 psi | 89% | 2579 fps | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,113 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 97.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,286 psi | 87% | 2644 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,866 psi | 86% | 2635 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,837 psi | 86% | 2680 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,300 psi | 85% | 2667 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,924 psi | 86% | 2657 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,329 psi | 85% | 2644 fps | 99.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,417 psi | 87% | 2684 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,590 psi | 86% | 2664 fps | 98.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,213 psi | 85% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,693 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,635 psi | 89% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,229 psi | 88% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,938 psi | 86% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,227 psi | 85% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,417 psi | 87% | 2549 fps | 96.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,822 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 96.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,679 psi | 89% | 2579 fps | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,113 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 98.5% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,983 psi | 90% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,272 psi | 89% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,389 psi | 90% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,085 psi | 90% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,157 psi | 90% | 2605 fps | 97.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,592 psi | 89% | 2592 fps | 97.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,534 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,881 psi | 88% | 2618 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,199 psi | 87% | 2549 fps | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,532 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,620 psi | 87% | 2569 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,315 psi | 87% | 2559 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,779 psi | 86% | 2451 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,416 psi | 85% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,547 psi | 86% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,346 psi | 90% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,925 psi | 90% | 2533 fps | 97.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,417 psi | 89% | 2520 fps | 97.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,256 psi | 85% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,867 psi | 89% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,157 psi | 90% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,824 psi | 89% | 2480 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,692 psi | 86% | 2543 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,375 psi | 90% | 2575 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,315 psi | 87% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,619 psi | 86% | 2559 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,499 psi | 77% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,556 psi | 76% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,663 psi | 86% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,172 psi | 90% | 2444 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,953 psi | 86% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,561 psi | 86% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,229 psi | 88% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,417 psi | 87% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,041 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,316 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,911 psi | 90% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,287 psi | 89% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,068 psi | 85% | 2579 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,911 psi | 90% | 2612 fps | 99.4% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,041 psi | 90% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,316 psi | 89% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,156 psi | 87% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,532 psi | 86% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,548 psi | 89% | 2631 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,620 psi | 87% | 2615 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 38,972 psi | 65% | 2467 fps | 98% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 38,377 psi | 64% | 2451 fps | 97.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,488 psi | 86% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,447 psi | 90% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,751 psi | 89% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,040 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,344 psi | 87% | 2638 fps | 97.5% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,793 psi | 86% | 2625 fps | 97.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 32,445 psi | 54% | 2388 fps | 97.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 31,879 psi | 53% | 2365 fps | 96.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,475 psi | 87% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,808 psi | 86% | 2566 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,325 psi | 77% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,513 psi | 76% | 2365 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,372 psi | 84% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,603 psi | 82% | 2470 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,653 psi | 64% | 2310 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,218 psi | 63% | 2300 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,281 psi | 75% | 2444 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,875 psi | 75% | 2434 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 46,673 psi | 78% | 2421 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 46,383 psi | 77% | 2411 fps | 95% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,550 psi | 61% | 2303 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,100 psi | 60% | 2293 fps | 99.9% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 32,576 psi | 54% | 2283 fps | 95.1% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,258 psi | 57% | 2320 fps | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,409 psi | 70% | 2408 fps | 98.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,974 psi | 70% | 2395 fps | 98.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,216 psi | 60% | 2274 fps | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,621 psi | 59% | 2257 fps | 96.6% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,454 psi | 74% | 2415 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,048 psi | 73% | 2405 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 73% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,671 psi | 73% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 37.5 gr | 80% | 38,261 psi | 64% | 2428 fps | 97.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 37.5 gr | 80% | 37,956 psi | 63% | 2418 fps | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,462 psi | 59% | 2290 fps | 98.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,070 psi | 58% | 2280 fps | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,189 psi | 63% | 2349 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,797 psi | 63% | 2336 fps | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,373 psi | 55% | 2297 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 88% | 35,056 psi | 58% | 2333 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 36.9 gr | 80% | 30,516 psi | 51% | 2254 fps | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 36.9 gr | 80% | 30,255 psi | 50% | 2244 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 94% | 30,240 psi | 50% | 2251 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 94% | 29,849 psi | 50% | 2234 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 37,405 psi | 62% | 2477 fps | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 36,782 psi | 61% | 2454 fps | 95.5% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,394 psi | 69% | 2411 fps | 97.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,060 psi | 68% | 2398 fps | 97.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,027 psi | 58% | 2297 fps | 98.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,621 psi | 58% | 2283 fps | 98.1% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,485 psi | 77% | 2457 fps | 95.5% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 45,934 psi | 76% | 2441 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,427 psi | 77% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,745 psi | 76% | 2392 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,888 psi | 71% | 2434 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,525 psi | 71% | 2425 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,239 psi | 78% | 2562 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,470 psi | 77% | 2546 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,908 psi | 85% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,111 psi | 83% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,111 psi | 85% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,984 psi | 60% | 2297 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,360 psi | 59% | 2280 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,873 psi | 71% | 2484 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,322 psi | 70% | 2467 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,154 psi | 83% | 2552 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,574 psi | 82% | 2539 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,743 psi | 71% | 2418 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,366 psi | 70% | 2408 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 84% | 28,718 psi | 48% | 2159 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 86% | 30,153 psi | 50% | 2192 fps | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,638 psi | 64% | 2392 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,985 psi | 63% | 2375 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 46,108 psi | 77% | 2556 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,397 psi | 75% | 2536 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,266 psi | 44% | 1385 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,339 psi | 44% | 1381 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,118 psi | 68% | 2375 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,756 psi | 68% | 2365 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,206 psi | 70% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,713 psi | 69% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,014 psi | 63% | 2303 fps | 97.6% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 62% | 2287 fps | 97.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 42,888 psi | 71% | 2365 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 45,324 psi | 75% | 2402 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 46,340 psi | 77% | 2480 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 45,832 psi | 76% | 2464 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,786 psi | 71% | 2395 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 44,976 psi | 75% | 2428 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 33,765 psi | 56% | 2293 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 33,199 psi | 55% | 2277 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,088 psi | 65% | 2375 fps | 98.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,711 psi | 64% | 2365 fps | 98.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,454 psi | 74% | 2415 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,048 psi | 73% | 2405 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,154 psi | 83% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,371 psi | 82% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,278 psi | 69% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,596 psi | 67% | 2375 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,627 psi | 71% | 2349 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,221 psi | 70% | 2339 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,623 psi | 63% | 2306 fps | 99% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,260 psi | 62% | 2293 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,130 psi | 62% | 2297 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,247 psi | 65% | 2333 fps | 95.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,366 psi | 70% | 2418 fps | 95.3% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,800 psi | 69% | 2402 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,495 psi | 69% | 2365 fps | 99.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,118 psi | 68% | 2352 fps | 99.4% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,713 psi | 69% | 2372 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,307 psi | 69% | 2362 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,550 psi | 62% | 2339 fps | 98% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,188 psi | 62% | 2326 fps | 97.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,243 psi | 55% | 2290 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,925 psi | 58% | 2323 fps | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,869 psi | 61% | 2346 fps | 97.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,550 psi | 61% | 2336 fps | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 39,378 psi | 65% | 2421 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,423 psi | 69% | 2457 fps | 95.7% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,338 psi | 74% | 2421 fps | 97.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,714 psi | 73% | 2405 fps | 97% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,526 psi | 72% | 2438 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,178 psi | 72% | 2425 fps | 98.9% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,935 psi | 80% | 2461 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,282 psi | 79% | 2444 fps | 99.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,484 psi | 44% | 1414 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,556 psi | 44% | 1411 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,792 psi | 83% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,414 psi | 82% | 2480 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,495 psi | 69% | 2382 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 40,944 psi | 68% | 2365 fps | 95.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,871 psi | 66% | 2441 fps | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,131 psi | 65% | 2421 fps | 97.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 36.9 gr | 80% | 32,474 psi | 54% | 2316 fps | 99% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 36.9 gr | 80% | 32,184 psi | 53% | 2303 fps | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,548 psi | 57% | 2346 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,069 psi | 57% | 2333 fps | 95.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 37,623 psi | 63% | 2411 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 37,202 psi | 62% | 2395 fps | 95.1% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,440 psi | 75% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,991 psi | 75% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,523 psi | 66% | 2320 fps | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,117 psi | 65% | 2310 fps | 99.2% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,924 psi | 55% | 2241 fps | 97.4% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,503 psi | 54% | 2231 fps | 97.2% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,485 psi | 77% | 2457 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 45,934 psi | 76% | 2441 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,130 psi | 62% | 2297 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,247 psi | 65% | 2333 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,278 psi | 69% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,596 psi | 67% | 2375 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,623 psi | 63% | 2306 fps | 99% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,260 psi | 62% | 2293 fps | 98.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,366 psi | 70% | 2418 fps | 95.3% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,800 psi | 69% | 2402 fps | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,968 psi | 56% | 2290 fps | 96.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,431 psi | 56% | 2274 fps | 96.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,496 psi | 71% | 2395 fps | 97.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,843 psi | 70% | 2379 fps | 97.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,988 psi | 68% | 2382 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,335 psi | 67% | 2365 fps | 98.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,178 psi | 72% | 2326 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,757 psi | 71% | 2313 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,766 psi | 59% | 2208 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,389 psi | 59% | 2195 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,266 psi | 74% | 2388 fps | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,656 psi | 73% | 2372 fps | 95.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,790 psi | 79% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,456 psi | 79% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,525 psi | 71% | 2326 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,134 psi | 70% | 2313 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,134 psi | 70% | 2392 fps | 98.8% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,814 psi | 69% | 2382 fps | 98.7% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,837 psi | 56% | 2247 fps | 97.4% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,489 psi | 56% | 2238 fps | 97.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 82% | 26,150 psi | 43% | 2142 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 82% | 25,875 psi | 43% | 2129 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,776 psi | 81% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,327 psi | 80% | 2369 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,439 psi | 72% | 2320 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,004 psi | 71% | 2310 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,957 psi | 65% | 2310 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,493 psi | 64% | 2297 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,508 psi | 66% | 2316 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,102 psi | 65% | 2303 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,140 psi | 53% | 2195 fps | 98.2% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,778 psi | 53% | 2182 fps | 98% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,766 psi | 58% | 2290 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,200 psi | 57% | 2274 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,469 psi | 74% | 2411 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,106 psi | 73% | 2402 fps | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,072 psi | 63% | 2306 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,478 psi | 62% | 2293 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,982 psi | 56% | 2290 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 88% | 35,708 psi | 59% | 2323 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 94% | 32,227 psi | 54% | 2320 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 94% | 31,705 psi | 53% | 2303 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,616 psi | 48% | 2123 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,427 psi | 47% | 2113 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,932 psi | 73% | 2454 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,221 psi | 72% | 2438 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,192 psi | 72% | 2487 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,598 psi | 71% | 2474 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 98% | 30,284 psi | 50% | 2323 fps | 96.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 98% | 30,008 psi | 50% | 2306 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,103 psi | 67% | 2382 fps | 99% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,755 psi | 66% | 2372 fps | 98.8% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 197 powders for 7 mm-08 Rem. loaded with the .284 | 162gr | RWS Kegelspitz. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,707 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,542 fps to 2,707 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 197 of the 197 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (415 MPa), the top charges use 53–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 162.0 gr projectile in 0.284" calls for a 1:12.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR rank at the top here: for 7 mm-08 Rem. with the .284 | 162gr | RWS Kegelspitz they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.