Load Specifications
Load data in caliber 7 mm-08 Rem. with .284 | 155gr | Frontier PH HPFB bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,141 psi | 87% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,998 psi | 90% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,967 psi | 86% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,621 psi | 89% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,344 psi | 87% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,048 psi | 73% | 2526 fps | 97.3% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,272 psi | 87% | 2434 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,678 psi | 88% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,227 psi | 85% | 2566 fps | 99.3% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,141 psi | 87% | 2562 fps | 99% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,359 psi | 87% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,925 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,388 psi | 89% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,098 psi | 87% | 2621 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,737 psi | 89% | 2710 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,447 psi | 90% | 2625 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,156 psi | 87% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,967 psi | 86% | 2598 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,701 psi | 74% | 2539 fps | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,271 psi | 85% | 2677 fps | 99.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,329 psi | 85% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,896 psi | 90% | 2621 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,010 psi | 85% | 2589 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,721 psi | 88% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,504 psi | 87% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,128 psi | 90% | 2684 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,126 psi | 85% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,127 psi | 87% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,997 psi | 88% | 2602 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,663 psi | 86% | 2575 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,756 psi | 68% | 2431 fps | 98% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,272 psi | 89% | 2648 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,737 psi | 58% | 1539 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,069 psi | 88% | 2582 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,867 psi | 89% | 2608 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,648 psi | 86% | 2546 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,591 psi | 87% | 2526 fps | 96% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,634 psi | 87% | 2454 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,569 psi | 71% | 2484 fps | 97% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2628 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,925 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,867 psi | 89% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,721 psi | 86% | 2503 fps | 99.3% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,331 psi | 90% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,082 psi | 83% | 2533 fps | 97% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,258 psi | 88% | 2566 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,519 psi | 89% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,360 psi | 90% | 2635 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,585 psi | 74% | 2526 fps | 97.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,300 psi | 85% | 2608 fps | 99.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,215 psi | 90% | 2582 fps | 97.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,417 psi | 89% | 2605 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,721 psi | 86% | 2526 fps | 99.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,809 psi | 58% | 1572 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,867 psi | 89% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,650 psi | 89% | 2582 fps | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,474 psi | 86% | 2654 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,430 psi | 85% | 2690 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,266 psi | 74% | 2549 fps | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,600 psi | 76% | 2566 fps | 96.2% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,314 psi | 85% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,359 psi | 89% | 2556 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,346 psi | 90% | 2625 fps | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Long Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,082 psi | 83% | 2533 fps | 97% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,331 psi | 90% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,635 psi | 89% | 2533 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,707 psi | 88% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,663 psi | 87% | 2638 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,127 psi | 88% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,475 psi | 87% | 2562 fps | 98.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,750 psi | 88% | 2585 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,286 psi | 87% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,619 psi | 86% | 2470 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,445 psi | 85% | 2559 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,462 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,851 psi | 86% | 2559 fps | 99.3% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,866 psi | 86% | 2582 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,595 psi | 66% | 2477 fps | 99% |
| Unknown powderᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,849 psi | 81% | 2582 fps | 97.4% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,344 psi | 87% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,199 psi | 87% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,315 psi | 87% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,983 psi | 90% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,214 psi | 88% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,920 psi | 78% | 2526 fps | 97.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,433 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,938 psi | 86% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,847 psi | 76% | 2530 fps | 97.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,153 psi | 80% | 2516 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,403 psi | 89% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,214 psi | 87% | 2592 fps | 99.7% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,785 psi | 68% | 2320 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,425 psi | 74% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 62% | 2333 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,014 psi | 63% | 2356 fps | 99.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,459 psi | 52% | 2224 fps | 98.9% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 35,926 psi | 60% | 2375 fps | 95% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,153 psi | 82% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,472 psi | 82% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,376 psi | 62% | 2326 fps | 96.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 36,289 psi | 60% | 2287 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,139 psi | 82% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,334 psi | 65% | 2339 fps | 98.4% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,392 psi | 64% | 2346 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,411 psi | 75% | 2516 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 36.3 gr | 84% | 38,566 psi | 64% | 2438 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,879 psi | 51% | 2208 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,282 psi | 77% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,534 psi | 59% | 2306 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 94% | 37,275 psi | 62% | 2388 fps | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 86% | 32,605 psi | 54% | 2313 fps | 95.2% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,066 psi | 80% | 2395 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,289 psi | 60% | 2323 fps | 95.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,153 psi | 50% | 2205 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,437 psi | 69% | 2336 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,550 psi | 62% | 2356 fps | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,191 psi | 68% | 2474 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,947 psi | 75% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,716 psi | 76% | 2461 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,843 psi | 68% | 2405 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,623 psi | 63% | 2336 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 92% | 31,981 psi | 53% | 2247 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,707 psi | 56% | 2303 fps | 96.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,599 psi | 43% | 1368 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,274 psi | 60% | 2293 fps | 97% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,448 psi | 61% | 2343 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,723 psi | 59% | 2270 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,487 psi | 82% | 2480 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,050 psi | 78% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 37,463 psi | 62% | 2388 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,084 psi | 57% | 2287 fps | 95.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,334 psi | 65% | 2339 fps | 98.4% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,048 psi | 73% | 2418 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,621 psi | 59% | 2306 fps | 99% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,464 psi | 64% | 2280 fps | 97.1% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,301 psi | 55% | 2231 fps | 97% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 44,324 psi | 74% | 2441 fps | 95.7% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,695 psi | 61% | 2287 fps | 97.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,738 psi | 61% | 2303 fps | 99.5% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,735 psi | 54% | 2251 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 94% | 36,956 psi | 61% | 2382 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 34,461 psi | 57% | 2306 fps | 95.5% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 42,148 psi | 70% | 2388 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,479 psi | 64% | 2356 fps | 97% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,685 psi | 71% | 2382 fps | 97.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,759 psi | 43% | 1401 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,382 psi | 74% | 2421 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,166 psi | 78% | 2484 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 33.5 gr | 80% | 34,360 psi | 57% | 2343 fps | 95.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 34 gr | 80% | 28,558 psi | 47% | 2211 fps | 96% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 38,740 psi | 64% | 2448 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 42,554 psi | 71% | 2507 fps | 95.3% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,466 psi | 67% | 2336 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,070 psi | 58% | 2247 fps | 97.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 82% | 30,342 psi | 50% | 2201 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 44,324 psi | 74% | 2441 fps | 95.7% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,621 psi | 59% | 2306 fps | 99% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,301 psi | 55% | 2231 fps | 97% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,992 psi | 78% | 2438 fps | 99.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,632 psi | 82% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 33,765 psi | 56% | 2297 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,079 psi | 78% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 39,943 psi | 66% | 2359 fps | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,056 psi | 60% | 2300 fps | 96.3% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,566 psi | 64% | 2260 fps | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,604 psi | 53% | 2139 fps | 99.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,134 psi | 70% | 2411 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,826 psi | 63% | 2264 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,898 psi | 61% | 2310 fps | 96.5% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,444 psi | 52% | 2211 fps | 95.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 90% | 29,080 psi | 48% | 2234 fps | 95.5% |
| Unknown powder | <<locked>> | 94% | 40,509 psi | 67% | 2438 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,743 psi | 73% | 2329 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,653 psi | 64% | 2264 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,866 psi | 56% | 2244 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,766 psi | 58% | 2247 fps | 99.4% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,007 psi | 47% | 2113 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 38,827 psi | 65% | 2382 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,378 psi | 65% | 2336 fps | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,257 psi | 55% | 2231 fps | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 37,768 psi | 63% | 2385 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 88% | 32,735 psi | 54% | 2224 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,319 psi | 64% | 2375 fps | 99% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,056 psi | 58% | 2300 fps | 96.8% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for 7 mm-08 Rem. loaded with the .284 | 155gr | Frontier PH HPFB. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,710 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,539 fps to 2,710 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (415 MPa), the top charges use 58–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 155.0 gr projectile in 0.284" calls for a 1:9.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-17 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for 7 mm-08 Rem. with the .284 | 155gr | Frontier PH HPFB they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.