Load Specifications
Load data in caliber 6.5 x 64 Brenneke with .264 | 127gr | Barnes LRX BT bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-26 and Hodgdon Superformance.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 23.62"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,243 psi | 85% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,143 psi | 88% | 2825 fps | 98.6% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,330 psi | 84% | 2858 fps | 99.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,563 psi | 86% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,578 psi | 88% | 2910 fps | 100% |
| Accurate High Country | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,693 psi | 86% | 2995 fps | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,317 psi | 87% | 2838 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,854 psi | 90% | 2953 fps | 98.1% |
| ADI AR 2213ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,679 psi | 86% | 2946 fps | 96.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,476 psi | 86% | 2956 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,927 psi | 90% | 2949 fps | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,911 psi | 88% | 2861 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,245 psi | 89% | 2884 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,434 psi | 89% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,953 psi | 85% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,129 psi | 88% | 2940 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,402 psi | 84% | 2940 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,197 psi | 79% | 2874 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,844 psi | 69% | 2792 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,562 psi | 84% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,819 psi | 77% | 2858 fps | 96.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,767 psi | 89% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,402 psi | 84% | 2940 fps | 97.7% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,143 psi | 88% | 2861 fps | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,304 psi | 90% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,476 psi | 86% | 2907 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,476 psi | 86% | 2871 fps | 98% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SCᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,420 psi | 90% | 2933 fps | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,028 psi | 90% | 2894 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,940 psi | 86% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,635 psi | 86% | 2946 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,347 psi | 58% | 1788 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,824 psi | 88% | 2844 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,838 psi | 86% | 2822 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,347 psi | 90% | 2858 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,333 psi | 90% | 2897 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,693 psi | 86% | 2838 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,013 psi | 88% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,026 psi | 85% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,317 psi | 89% | 2881 fps | 96.3% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,274 psi | 89% | 2805 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,896 psi | 86% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,563 psi | 86% | 2835 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,839 psi | 88% | 2874 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,294 psi | 69% | 2700 fps | 98% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,172 psi | 88% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,840 psi | 90% | 2822 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,491 psi | 87% | 2867 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,417 psi | 86% | 2890 fps | 97.5% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,579 psi | 89% | 3025 fps | 99.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,664 psi | 86% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,259 psi | 89% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Grandᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,981 psi | 82% | 2923 fps | 96.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,941 psi | 90% | 2949 fps | 99.7% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,295 psi | 73% | 2795 fps | 96.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,825 psi | 59% | 1827 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,144 psi | 90% | 2881 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,347 psi | 90% | 2986 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 2930 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,200 psi | 85% | 2959 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,582 psi | 67% | 2802 fps | 96.5% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,811 psi | 89% | 2828 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,651 psi | 89% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,041 psi | 87% | 2867 fps | 96.7% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,244 psi | 87% | 2927 fps | 98% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,143 psi | 88% | 2861 fps | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,563 psi | 86% | 2835 fps | 99.6% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,896 psi | 86% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,839 psi | 88% | 2874 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,056 psi | 87% | 2884 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,143 psi | 88% | 2858 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,912 psi | 90% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,722 psi | 86% | 2717 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,084 psi | 85% | 2785 fps | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,780 psi | 86% | 2920 fps | 97.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,738 psi | 89% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,695 psi | 89% | 2867 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,869 psi | 90% | 2864 fps | 96.2% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,144 psi | 90% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,940 psi | 88% | 2904 fps | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,347 psi | 90% | 2789 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,214 psi | 85% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,534 psi | 86% | 2792 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,695 psi | 89% | 2894 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,720 psi | 81% | 2822 fps | 97.7% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,766 psi | 88% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,853 psi | 88% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,969 psi | 88% | 2949 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N560ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,956 psi | 90% | 3015 fps | 96.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,303 psi | 89% | 2858 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,476 psi | 86% | 2907 fps | 99% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,295 psi | 71% | 2927 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,114 psi | 88% | 2861 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,259 psi | 89% | 2897 fps | 97.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 23.62"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,632 psi | 80% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,051 psi | 77% | 2707 fps | 97.4% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,243 psi | 55% | 2507 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,065 psi | 75% | 2703 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,824 psi | 57% | 2559 fps | 97.5% |
| Accurate High Country | <<locked>> | 94% | 46,311 psi | 74% | 2864 fps | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,034 psi | 72% | 2680 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,989 psi | 69% | 2720 fps | 95% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,096 psi | 80% | 2884 fps | 95.5% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,893 psi | 80% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,888 psi | 69% | 2717 fps | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,498 psi | 73% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,646 psi | 78% | 2776 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,143 psi | 56% | 2572 fps | 97.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,016 psi | 64% | 2703 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,395 psi | 68% | 2710 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 94% | 42,583 psi | 68% | 2756 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 82% | 27,267 psi | 44% | 2375 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 92% | 32,996 psi | 53% | 2549 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 48.4 gr | 84% | 31,328 psi | 50% | 2546 fps | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 44,643 psi | 72% | 2799 fps | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,397 psi | 73% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 42,583 psi | 68% | 2756 fps | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,234 psi | 65% | 2585 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,006 psi | 74% | 2726 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,014 psi | 61% | 2612 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 43,816 psi | 70% | 2694 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,620 psi | 84% | 2871 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,750 psi | 53% | 2470 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,459 psi | 81% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | 48.7 gr | 82% | 39,740 psi | 64% | 2680 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,890 psi | 43% | 1594 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,314 psi | 82% | 2792 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,369 psi | 76% | 2717 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,748 psi | 80% | 2746 fps | 98.3% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,017 psi | 66% | 2621 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,582 psi | 67% | 2615 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,577 psi | 55% | 2516 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,893 psi | 80% | 2805 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,822 psi | 83% | 2822 fps | 95.6% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,112 psi | 84% | 2759 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,471 psi | 76% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,957 psi | 62% | 2562 fps | 97.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,246 psi | 60% | 2543 fps | 95.4% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 94% | 35,346 psi | 57% | 2533 fps | 95.6% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,619 psi | 83% | 2772 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,576 psi | 84% | 2776 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,993 psi | 77% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 86% | 43,468 psi | 70% | 2710 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,943 psi | 62% | 2707 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,839 psi | 57% | 2559 fps | 97.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,356 psi | 78% | 2785 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 98% | 47,442 psi | 76% | 2858 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,853 psi | 56% | 2543 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 98% | 42,105 psi | 68% | 2730 fps | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,383 psi | 44% | 1634 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,180 psi | 74% | 2713 fps | 98.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,598 psi | 68% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,592 psi | 57% | 2575 fps | 97.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 45.7 gr | 80% | 34,896 psi | 56% | 2582 fps | 96.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 98% | 38,827 psi | 62% | 2733 fps | 95.3% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,153 psi | 79% | 2723 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,772 psi | 69% | 2661 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,485 psi | 76% | 2756 fps | 95.1% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,251 psi | 71% | 2746 fps | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,234 psi | 65% | 2585 fps | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,957 psi | 62% | 2562 fps | 97.1% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,471 psi | 76% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,246 psi | 60% | 2543 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 71% | 2717 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,692 psi | 83% | 2805 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,591 psi | 84% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,324 psi | 71% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,319 psi | 61% | 2510 fps | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,845 psi | 70% | 2743 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,272 psi | 84% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,105 psi | 69% | 2661 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,025 psi | 83% | 2802 fps | 95.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,169 psi | 52% | 2510 fps | 99.2% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,363 psi | 63% | 2618 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,400 psi | 79% | 2690 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,821 psi | 80% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,263 psi | 66% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,318 psi | 60% | 2562 fps | 97.8% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,481 psi | 67% | 2651 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,051 psi | 77% | 2700 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,666 psi | 59% | 2559 fps | 97.4% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 82% | 29,979 psi | 48% | 2451 fps | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,243 psi | 84% | 2953 fps | 95.8% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,434 psi | 58% | 2533 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,014 psi | 61% | 2612 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 84% | 25,614 psi | 41% | 2395 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,590 psi | 83% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,556 psi | 71% | 2717 fps | 95.6% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for 6.5 x 64 Brenneke loaded with the .264 | 127gr | Barnes LRX BT. Norma MRP delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,025 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,788 fps to 3,025 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (430 MPa), the top charges use 58–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 127.0 gr projectile in 0.264" calls for a 1:8.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2213, Alliant Reloder-22 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-26, Hodgdon Superformance rank at the top here: for 6.5 x 64 Brenneke with the .264 | 127gr | Barnes LRX BT they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.