Load Specifications
Load data in caliber 5.6 x 57 R with .224 | 65gr | Sierra GameKing bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 60 and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 23.62"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,130 psi | 88% | 3268 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,882 psi | 86% | 3281 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,956 psi | 89% | 3356 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,274 psi | 87% | 3337 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,376 psi | 87% | 3409 fps | 98.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,230 psi | 87% | 3363 fps | 99.5% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,463 psi | 88% | 3363 fps | 99.3% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,653 psi | 90% | 3369 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,795 psi | 86% | 3294 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,071 psi | 86% | 3484 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,941 psi | 88% | 3376 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,637 psi | 89% | 3389 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,232 psi | 90% | 3412 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,565 psi | 89% | 3478 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,331 psi | 85% | 3455 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,379 psi | 63% | 3143 fps | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,934 psi | 72% | 3333 fps | 96.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,158 psi | 86% | 3366 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,319 psi | 90% | 3402 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,203 psi | 90% | 3360 fps | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,593 psi | 87% | 3294 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,406 psi | 90% | 3396 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,564 psi | 87% | 3445 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,694 psi | 86% | 3350 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,447 psi | 85% | 3396 fps | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,782 psi | 87% | 3376 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,707 psi | 83% | 3333 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,651 psi | 87% | 3409 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,347 psi | 87% | 3428 fps | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,288 psi | 55% | 2129 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,029 psi | 89% | 3379 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,738 psi | 87% | 3369 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,956 psi | 88% | 3346 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,753 psi | 87% | 3314 fps | 96.5% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,811 psi | 87% | 3340 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,043 psi | 88% | 3399 fps | 99% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 3383 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,653 psi | 90% | 3369 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,245 psi | 87% | 3340 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 3281 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,883 psi | 88% | 3343 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,187 psi | 86% | 3327 fps | 97.7% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,420 psi | 88% | 3366 fps | 96.9% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,319 psi | 90% | 3360 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,418 psi | 85% | 3310 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,405 psi | 88% | 3396 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,462 psi | 85% | 3396 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 3419 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,985 psi | 89% | 3445 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 3314 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,346 psi | 85% | 3343 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,911 psi | 86% | 3304 fps | 99.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,853 psi | 56% | 2178 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,014 psi | 89% | 3350 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,013 psi | 86% | 3327 fps | 97% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,653 psi | 90% | 3484 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,853 psi | 84% | 3461 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,390 psi | 87% | 3432 fps | 98.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,911 psi | 86% | 3455 fps | 98.4% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,694 psi | 86% | 3294 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,404 psi | 85% | 3301 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,159 psi | 90% | 3392 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,203 psi | 90% | 3360 fps | 96.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,187 psi | 86% | 3327 fps | 97.7% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,245 psi | 87% | 3340 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,883 psi | 88% | 3343 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,420 psi | 88% | 3366 fps | 96.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,637 psi | 87% | 3399 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,797 psi | 89% | 3356 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,232 psi | 90% | 3383 fps | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,506 psi | 87% | 3248 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,666 psi | 87% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,738 psi | 87% | 3278 fps | 96.5% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,347 psi | 87% | 3340 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,708 psi | 86% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,246 psi | 88% | 3346 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,450 psi | 90% | 3389 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,301 psi | 82% | 3396 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,969 psi | 86% | 3212 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,738 psi | 87% | 3235 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,580 psi | 90% | 3323 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,969 psi | 86% | 3284 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,376 psi | 87% | 3310 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,855 psi | 89% | 3392 fps | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,853 psi | 86% | 3314 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,072 psi | 89% | 3333 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,014 psi | 88% | 3392 fps | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,469 psi | 70% | 3238 fps | 97.5% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,537 psi | 90% | 3366 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,679 psi | 86% | 3363 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,853 psi | 86% | 3406 fps | 96.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,405 psi | 57% | 3127 fps | 96.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,334 psi | 90% | 3392 fps | 99.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 23.62"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,501 psi | 78% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,235 psi | 66% | 3058 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,385 psi | 77% | 3228 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,885 psi | 63% | 3041 fps | 99.7% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,800 psi | 66% | 3136 fps | 96% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,542 psi | 71% | 3173 fps | 98.1% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,595 psi | 60% | 2986 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,601 psi | 75% | 3186 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,935 psi | 75% | 3186 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 35.5 gr | 80% | 41,698 psi | 65% | 3192 fps | 96.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,093 psi | 72% | 3186 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,537 psi | 60% | 3018 fps | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,220 psi | 65% | 3087 fps | 96.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,002 psi | 64% | 3143 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 35.8 gr | 82% | 35,650 psi | 56% | 3025 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 96% | 35,607 psi | 56% | 3015 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 42,627 psi | 67% | 3255 fps | 95.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,860 psi | 70% | 3166 fps | 97% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,305 psi | 60% | 3018 fps | 97.3% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,751 psi | 84% | 3297 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,284 psi | 77% | 3179 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,876 psi | 73% | 3209 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,735 psi | 81% | 3373 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 82% | 41,800 psi | 66% | 3084 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,053 psi | 80% | 3330 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,948 psi | 72% | 3186 fps | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 88% | 35,302 psi | 55% | 2953 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,163 psi | 66% | 3143 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,532 psi | 81% | 3356 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,252 psi | 41% | 1909 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,092 psi | 69% | 3130 fps | 98.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,730 psi | 72% | 3192 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,509 psi | 63% | 3031 fps | 96.5% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,489 psi | 82% | 3251 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,170 psi | 82% | 3271 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 90% | 39,929 psi | 63% | 3074 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,221 psi | 66% | 3127 fps | 97.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,601 psi | 75% | 3186 fps | 99.3% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,860 psi | 70% | 3150 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,411 psi | 71% | 3104 fps | 98.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,596 psi | 64% | 3038 fps | 98.2% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,919 psi | 72% | 3146 fps | 95.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,501 psi | 78% | 3238 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,657 psi | 70% | 3123 fps | 99% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,078 psi | 71% | 3136 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,640 psi | 64% | 3074 fps | 97% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,669 psi | 65% | 3133 fps | 95.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,451 psi | 63% | 3084 fps | 96.7% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 94% | 46,485 psi | 73% | 3241 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,688 psi | 75% | 3182 fps | 96.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,355 psi | 74% | 3209 fps | 98.5% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,692 psi | 81% | 3245 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,513 psi | 42% | 1952 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,592 psi | 84% | 3294 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,964 psi | 75% | 3192 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,613 psi | 68% | 3205 fps | 97.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 34.9 gr | 80% | 35,331 psi | 55% | 3035 fps | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,611 psi | 65% | 3153 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,396 psi | 70% | 3232 fps | 95.7% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,370 psi | 76% | 3176 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,380 psi | 66% | 3064 fps | 98.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,723 psi | 56% | 2946 fps | 96.1% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,751 psi | 84% | 3297 fps | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,919 psi | 72% | 3146 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,860 psi | 70% | 3150 fps | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,596 psi | 64% | 3038 fps | 98.2% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,501 psi | 78% | 3238 fps | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,912 psi | 58% | 3002 fps | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,977 psi | 72% | 3150 fps | 96.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,135 psi | 69% | 3133 fps | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,832 psi | 72% | 3081 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,189 psi | 60% | 2913 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,895 psi | 81% | 3209 fps | 95.7% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,692 psi | 81% | 3278 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,571 psi | 71% | 3077 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,672 psi | 72% | 3146 fps | 98.1% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,709 psi | 58% | 2959 fps | 96.2% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 84% | 30,487 psi | 48% | 2867 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,634 psi | 81% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,151 psi | 72% | 3074 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,901 psi | 66% | 3051 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,409 psi | 66% | 3051 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,780 psi | 55% | 2881 fps | 97.1% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,538 psi | 64% | 3068 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,935 psi | 75% | 3186 fps | 99.4% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,017 psi | 64% | 3035 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,946 psi | 67% | 3136 fps | 95.9% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 96% | 38,914 psi | 61% | 3110 fps | 95.8% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,156 psi | 52% | 2844 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,805 psi | 75% | 3235 fps | 99.8% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,053 psi | 80% | 3330 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 98% | 33,924 psi | 53% | 3038 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,671 psi | 68% | 3133 fps | 98.3% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for 5.6 x 57 R loaded with the .224 | 65gr | Sierra GameKing. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,484 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 2,129 fps to 3,484 fps. Alliant Reloder-16 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (440 MPa), the top charges use 55–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 65.0 gr projectile in 0.224" calls for a 1:10.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for 5.6 x 57 R with the .224 | 65gr | Sierra GameKing they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.