Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .378 Weath. Mag. with .375 | 260gr | Nosler Ballistic Tip bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Reloder-26, ReloadSwiss RS 70 and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 26"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,999 psi | 88% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,087 psi | 89% | 2887 fps | 99.3% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,259 psi | 87% | 2933 fps | 99.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,565 psi | 89% | 2867 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,479 psi | 90% | 2986 fps | 100% |
| Accurate MAGPROᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,406 psi | 90% | 3084 fps | 97.2% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,405 psi | 88% | 2904 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,636 psi | 86% | 2976 fps | 98.6% |
| ADI AR 2213ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,941 psi | 88% | 3028 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,825 psi | 87% | 3028 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,276 psi | 90% | 2923 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,406 psi | 90% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,331 psi | 85% | 2982 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,651 psi | 87% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,522 psi | 90% | 3018 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,911 psi | 86% | 3025 fps | 98.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,822 psi | 81% | 2949 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,078 psi | 71% | 2881 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,753 psi | 87% | 3094 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,285 psi | 79% | 2946 fps | 98% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,520 psi | 85% | 2890 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,911 psi | 86% | 3025 fps | 98.8% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,464 psi | 90% | 2933 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,868 psi | 86% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,695 psi | 87% | 2979 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,405 psi | 87% | 2940 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,115 psi | 88% | 2969 fps | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,897 psi | 86% | 2949 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,723 psi | 86% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,101 psi | 88% | 2940 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,193 psi | 69% | 2917 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,956 psi | 88% | 3018 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,463 psi | 57% | 1808 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,768 psi | 89% | 2904 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,883 psi | 88% | 2884 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,810 psi | 86% | 2867 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,926 psi | 86% | 2910 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,651 psi | 87% | 2907 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,725 psi | 90% | 2972 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,405 psi | 87% | 2923 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,522 psi | 90% | 2956 fps | 97.6% |
| IMR 7828 SSCᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,345 psi | 84% | 2999 fps | 97.4% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,159 psi | 88% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,622 psi | 87% | 2900 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,116 psi | 90% | 2946 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,948 psi | 72% | 2785 fps | 99.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,319 psi | 90% | 2884 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,695 psi | 89% | 2933 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,666 psi | 87% | 2966 fps | 98.6% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,404 psi | 85% | 3048 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,653 psi | 90% | 2959 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Grandᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,751 psi | 84% | 3015 fps | 97.9% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,679 psi | 86% | 2969 fps | 99.9% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,921 psi | 75% | 2887 fps | 98.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,144 psi | 58% | 1850 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,752 psi | 86% | 2890 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,114 psi | 86% | 2999 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,348 psi | 90% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,651 psi | 87% | 3038 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,092 psi | 69% | 2910 fps | 98.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,694 psi | 86% | 2838 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,737 psi | 86% | 2887 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,202 psi | 88% | 2943 fps | 97.9% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,855 psi | 89% | 3005 fps | 99% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,464 psi | 90% | 2933 fps | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,622 psi | 87% | 2900 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,159 psi | 88% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,116 psi | 90% | 2946 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,289 psi | 88% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,174 psi | 90% | 2917 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,550 psi | 87% | 2766 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,390 psi | 87% | 2854 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,362 psi | 88% | 2999 fps | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,711 psi | 90% | 2805 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,665 psi | 86% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,360 psi | 85% | 2881 fps | 96.8% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,361 psi | 87% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,537 psi | 90% | 2979 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,013 psi | 86% | 2792 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,172 psi | 86% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,970 psi | 88% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,491 psi | 85% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,171 psi | 83% | 2897 fps | 98.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,782 psi | 89% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,087 psi | 89% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,360 psi | 85% | 2976 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,665 psi | 86% | 3038 fps | 97.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,896 psi | 84% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,869 psi | 88% | 2982 fps | 99.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,891 psi | 73% | 3015 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,377 psi | 90% | 2923 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,795 psi | 84% | 2913 fps | 98.4% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 26"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,591 psi | 82% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,154 psi | 79% | 2776 fps | 98.4% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 84% | 32,039 psi | 50% | 2490 fps | 95.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,850 psi | 78% | 2772 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,101 psi | 60% | 2648 fps | 98.8% |
| Accurate MAGPRO | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,806 psi | 78% | 2956 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,818 psi | 73% | 2746 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,047 psi | 66% | 2743 fps | 95.8% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,759 psi | 72% | 2844 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,011 psi | 82% | 2969 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,514 psi | 74% | 2772 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,676 psi | 79% | 2841 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,999 psi | 58% | 2657 fps | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 91.4 gr | 80% | 41,945 psi | 66% | 2779 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,073 psi | 61% | 2677 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 90% | 39,262 psi | 62% | 2726 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,209 psi | 43% | 2411 fps | 97% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 88% | 30,835 psi | 48% | 2533 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 93.7 gr | 80% | 28,964 psi | 45% | 2520 fps | 95.3% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,350 psi | 65% | 2772 fps | 95.8% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,805 psi | 75% | 2785 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 39,262 psi | 62% | 2726 fps | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,061 psi | 66% | 2661 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,167 psi | 75% | 2799 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,030 psi | 63% | 2694 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,844 psi | 67% | 2713 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon H4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,921 psi | 77% | 2848 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,037 psi | 75% | 2835 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,534 psi | 54% | 2546 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,605 psi | 82% | 2887 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 96% | 38,798 psi | 61% | 2789 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,943 psi | 61% | 2703 fps | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,296 psi | 43% | 1614 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,258 psi | 83% | 2851 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,255 psi | 77% | 2779 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,459 psi | 81% | 2812 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,666 psi | 59% | 2585 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,352 psi | 68% | 2687 fps | 97.7% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,550 psi | 57% | 2598 fps | 98.6% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,967 psi | 81% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,688 psi | 75% | 2789 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 96% | 46,659 psi | 73% | 2877 fps | 95.8% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,867 psi | 84% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,559 psi | 78% | 2776 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,973 psi | 64% | 2641 fps | 98.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,160 psi | 61% | 2621 fps | 97% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 88% | 31,227 psi | 49% | 2467 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,911 psi | 84% | 2835 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,009 psi | 78% | 2828 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 84% | 42,467 psi | 67% | 2730 fps | 95.8% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,955 psi | 56% | 2677 fps | 95.6% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,797 psi | 59% | 2638 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,444 psi | 79% | 2851 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 94% | 43,366 psi | 68% | 2818 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,622 psi | 57% | 2625 fps | 96.9% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 94% | 38,566 psi | 60% | 2697 fps | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,731 psi | 43% | 1654 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,138 psi | 75% | 2782 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,570 psi | 70% | 2831 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,884 psi | 59% | 2664 fps | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 92.9 gr | 80% | 36,680 psi | 57% | 2671 fps | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 94% | 35,679 psi | 56% | 2700 fps | 95.3% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,416 psi | 81% | 2789 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,020 psi | 71% | 2730 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,526 psi | 68% | 2717 fps | 95% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,814 psi | 64% | 2717 fps | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,061 psi | 66% | 2661 fps | 97% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,973 psi | 64% | 2641 fps | 98.4% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,559 psi | 78% | 2776 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,160 psi | 61% | 2621 fps | 97% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,108 psi | 72% | 2785 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,563 psi | 84% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,166 psi | 72% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,147 psi | 63% | 2585 fps | 97.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,437 psi | 63% | 2713 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 54,404 psi | 85% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,324 psi | 71% | 2730 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 90% | 47,703 psi | 75% | 2766 fps | 95.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,272 psi | 54% | 2598 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 84% | 36,318 psi | 57% | 2585 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,590 psi | 81% | 2746 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,779 psi | 81% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,221 psi | 68% | 2657 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,233 psi | 61% | 2638 fps | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,218 psi | 60% | 2621 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,125 psi | 79% | 2759 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,725 psi | 61% | 2641 fps | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,037 psi | 47% | 2490 fps | 97.1% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,761 psi | 75% | 2913 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,290 psi | 60% | 2605 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,147 psi | 63% | 2697 fps | 97.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 80% | 24,004 psi | 38% | 2379 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,693 psi | 84% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,770 psi | 64% | 2680 fps | 95.5% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .378 Weath. Mag. loaded with the .375 | 260gr | Nosler Ballistic Tip. Alliant Reloder-26 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,094 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,808 fps to 3,094 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (440 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 260.0 gr projectile in 0.375" calls for a 1:6.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, Accurate MAGPRO, ADI AR 2213 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Reloder-26, ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for .378 Weath. Mag. with the .375 | 260gr | Nosler Ballistic Tip they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.