
Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .358 Norma Mag. with .358 | 225gr | Barnes XLC S bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,912 psi | 88% | 2651 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,476 psi | 85% | 2677 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,302 psi | 85% | 2677 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,535 psi | 87% | 2730 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,985 psi | 89% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,167 psi | 75% | 2703 fps | 97.4% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,723 psi | 86% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,042 psi | 86% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,667 psi | 90% | 2779 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,810 psi | 86% | 2720 fps | 98.8% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,332 psi | 87% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,739 psi | 89% | 2733 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,768 psi | 89% | 2720 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,969 psi | 86% | 2789 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,652 psi | 89% | 2881 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,595 psi | 90% | 2792 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,579 psi | 87% | 2657 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,405 psi | 87% | 2769 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,485 psi | 74% | 2700 fps | 97.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,578 psi | 86% | 2848 fps | 99.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,985 psi | 89% | 2789 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,187 psi | 86% | 2766 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,593 psi | 87% | 2677 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,927 psi | 88% | 2769 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,188 psi | 90% | 2854 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,624 psi | 90% | 2740 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,027 psi | 86% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,376 psi | 88% | 2769 fps | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,810 psi | 86% | 2743 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,976 psi | 69% | 2595 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,521 psi | 89% | 2818 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,186 psi | 55% | 1637 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,883 psi | 88% | 2743 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,261 psi | 90% | 2776 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,621 psi | 86% | 2710 fps | 99% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,172 psi | 86% | 2684 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,027 psi | 86% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduronᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,392 psi | 90% | 2746 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,006 psi | 72% | 2648 fps | 97% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,724 psi | 89% | 2799 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,739 psi | 89% | 2733 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,273 psi | 85% | 2684 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,580 psi | 90% | 2710 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,508 psi | 90% | 2753 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,272 psi | 83% | 2694 fps | 96.9% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,826 psi | 89% | 2730 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,681 psi | 89% | 2733 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,534 psi | 85% | 2756 fps | 99.3% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,877 psi | 75% | 2694 fps | 97.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,346 psi | 85% | 2772 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,392 psi | 90% | 2746 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,492 psi | 89% | 2769 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,665 psi | 86% | 2687 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,737 psi | 56% | 1677 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,536 psi | 89% | 2723 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,768 psi | 89% | 2746 fps | 96.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,940 psi | 86% | 2828 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,621 psi | 86% | 2858 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,587 psi | 75% | 2717 fps | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,588 psi | 76% | 2726 fps | 96.2% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,376 psi | 87% | 2680 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,116 psi | 90% | 2726 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,824 psi | 86% | 2749 fps | 99.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,272 psi | 83% | 2694 fps | 96.9% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,508 psi | 90% | 2753 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,420 psi | 88% | 2690 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,912 psi | 88% | 2720 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,086 psi | 88% | 2808 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,927 psi | 88% | 2671 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,666 psi | 87% | 2726 fps | 98% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,898 psi | 88% | 2749 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,172 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,476 psi | 85% | 2625 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,824 psi | 86% | 2726 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,667 psi | 90% | 2674 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,708 psi | 86% | 2717 fps | 99.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,347 psi | 87% | 2749 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,844 psi | 67% | 2648 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,158 psi | 86% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,897 psi | 86% | 2618 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,912 psi | 88% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,188 psi | 90% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,681 psi | 89% | 2730 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,183 psi | 79% | 2690 fps | 97.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,537 psi | 90% | 2736 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,317 psi | 87% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,342 psi | 77% | 2697 fps | 97.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,300 psi | 80% | 2680 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,536 psi | 89% | 2782 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,347 psi | 87% | 2756 fps | 99.6% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,338 psi | 69% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,877 psi | 75% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,985 psi | 60% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,091 psi | 68% | 2536 fps | 99.6% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,839 psi | 56% | 2405 fps | 99.3% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 39,842 psi | 62% | 2549 fps | 95.3% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,459 psi | 81% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,822 psi | 81% | 2566 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,466 psi | 63% | 2487 fps | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 38,740 psi | 61% | 2434 fps | 95.5% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,982 psi | 81% | 2661 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,293 psi | 66% | 2500 fps | 98.4% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,495 psi | 65% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,689 psi | 76% | 2687 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 61.9 gr | 84% | 41,176 psi | 65% | 2595 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,997 psi | 53% | 2369 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,327 psi | 77% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,521 psi | 57% | 2425 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 94% | 40,132 psi | 63% | 2552 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,317 psi | 55% | 2470 fps | 95.3% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,589 psi | 79% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,059 psi | 61% | 2477 fps | 95.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,707 psi | 53% | 2372 fps | 96% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,164 psi | 69% | 2493 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,683 psi | 64% | 2516 fps | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,034 psi | 69% | 2635 fps | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,718 psi | 75% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,631 psi | 76% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,437 psi | 65% | 2516 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,799 psi | 64% | 2500 fps | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 92% | 34,853 psi | 55% | 2405 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,463 psi | 57% | 2461 fps | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,440 psi | 41% | 1463 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,030 psi | 61% | 2451 fps | 97% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,697 psi | 62% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,332 psi | 57% | 2375 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,011 psi | 82% | 2631 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,414 psi | 77% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,998 psi | 85% | 2694 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 40,712 psi | 64% | 2549 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,318 psi | 58% | 2454 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,293 psi | 66% | 2500 fps | 98.4% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,776 psi | 75% | 2585 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,349 psi | 62% | 2477 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,944 psi | 64% | 2431 fps | 97% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,405 psi | 57% | 2388 fps | 97.2% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,991 psi | 71% | 2556 fps | 95% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,205 psi | 63% | 2454 fps | 98.1% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,900 psi | 63% | 2464 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,969 psi | 56% | 2415 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 94% | 40,059 psi | 63% | 2546 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,376 psi | 59% | 2467 fps | 95.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 44,802 psi | 70% | 2543 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,321 psi | 65% | 2513 fps | 97% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,542 psi | 71% | 2539 fps | 97.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,658 psi | 42% | 1496 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,181 psi | 74% | 2582 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,183 psi | 79% | 2644 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 57.2 gr | 80% | 37,405 psi | 59% | 2507 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 58.1 gr | 80% | 31,415 psi | 49% | 2379 fps | 96.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,959 psi | 66% | 2612 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,745 psi | 72% | 2674 fps | 95.3% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,280 psi | 69% | 2503 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,392 psi | 60% | 2408 fps | 97.6% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,721 psi | 53% | 2365 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,991 psi | 71% | 2556 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,349 psi | 62% | 2477 fps | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,405 psi | 57% | 2388 fps | 97.2% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,748 psi | 78% | 2592 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,475 psi | 82% | 2671 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 36,492 psi | 57% | 2454 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,777 psi | 78% | 2585 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 43,163 psi | 68% | 2520 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,856 psi | 61% | 2454 fps | 96.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,394 psi | 65% | 2415 fps | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,301 psi | 54% | 2290 fps | 99.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,368 psi | 71% | 2572 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,060 psi | 64% | 2421 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,856 psi | 62% | 2467 fps | 96.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 82% | 34,679 psi | 54% | 2372 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 88% | 30,371 psi | 48% | 2349 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,572 psi | 73% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,336 psi | 65% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,101 psi | 58% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,666 psi | 59% | 2402 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,009 psi | 49% | 2270 fps | 95.9% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,959 psi | 66% | 2546 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,293 psi | 66% | 2493 fps | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,390 psi | 57% | 2392 fps | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,133 psi | 64% | 2549 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 88% | 35,534 psi | 56% | 2382 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,162 psi | 65% | 2533 fps | 99% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,072 psi | 60% | 2457 fps | 96.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for .358 Norma Mag. loaded with the .358 | 225gr | Barnes XLC S. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,881 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,637 fps to 2,881 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (440 MPa), the top charges use 55–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 225.0 gr projectile in 0.358" calls for a 1:16.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-17 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .358 Norma Mag. with the .358 | 225gr | Barnes XLC S they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.