
Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .338 Blaser Mag. with .338 | 200gr | NorthFork Bonded Core bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 25.6"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,519 psi | 88% | 2766 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,388 psi | 86% | 2792 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,838 psi | 88% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,694 psi | 90% | 2841 fps | 97.4% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,786 psi | 70% | 2743 fps | 96.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,504 psi | 86% | 2841 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,982 psi | 85% | 2923 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,663 psi | 86% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,708 psi | 88% | 2871 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,955 psi | 90% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,518 psi | 86% | 2795 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,938 psi | 85% | 2986 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,809 psi | 88% | 2894 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,317 psi | 89% | 2917 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,316 psi | 88% | 2982 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,360 psi | 89% | 3015 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,712 psi | 67% | 2772 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,745 psi | 75% | 2940 fps | 98.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,199 psi | 86% | 2881 fps | 99.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,389 psi | 89% | 2910 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,462 psi | 89% | 2881 fps | 97.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,272 psi | 87% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,375 psi | 89% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,605 psi | 85% | 2867 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,955 psi | 90% | 2976 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,982 psi | 85% | 2881 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,171 psi | 87% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,069 psi | 87% | 2904 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,620 psi | 86% | 2913 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,677 psi | 85% | 2953 fps | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,607 psi | 58% | 1775 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,244 psi | 89% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,229 psi | 87% | 2861 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,200 psi | 87% | 2854 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,011 psi | 87% | 2831 fps | 97.9% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,694 psi | 90% | 2907 fps | 97.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,852 psi | 87% | 2858 fps | 97.8% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,736 psi | 87% | 2917 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,170 psi | 86% | 2890 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,955 psi | 90% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,214 psi | 86% | 2844 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,098 psi | 86% | 2795 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,011 psi | 87% | 2851 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,330 psi | 86% | 2851 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,171 psi | 87% | 2887 fps | 98.2% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,781 psi | 90% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,909 psi | 85% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,534 psi | 88% | 2904 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,808 psi | 85% | 2900 fps | 95.9% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,643 psi | 75% | 2897 fps | 96.4% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,781 psi | 90% | 2966 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,940 psi | 89% | 2927 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,374 psi | 88% | 2959 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,042 psi | 90% | 2890 fps | 99.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,839 psi | 90% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,114 psi | 59% | 1818 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,967 psi | 85% | 2848 fps | 98.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,737 psi | 90% | 2982 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,128 psi | 89% | 3015 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,793 psi | 85% | 2946 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,868 psi | 90% | 3031 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,562 psi | 86% | 2799 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,909 psi | 85% | 2812 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,273 psi | 89% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,462 psi | 89% | 2881 fps | 97.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,330 psi | 86% | 2851 fps | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,214 psi | 86% | 2844 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,011 psi | 87% | 2851 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,171 psi | 87% | 2887 fps | 98.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,460 psi | 86% | 2910 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,621 psi | 88% | 2867 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,418 psi | 89% | 2894 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,678 psi | 86% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,026 psi | 87% | 2753 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,489 psi | 86% | 2805 fps | 97.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,373 psi | 86% | 2753 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,229 psi | 87% | 2858 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,462 psi | 89% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,692 psi | 87% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,037 psi | 81% | 2848 fps | 96.7% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,011 psi | 87% | 2736 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,735 psi | 85% | 2779 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,446 psi | 86% | 2795 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,475 psi | 86% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,548 psi | 88% | 2907 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,837 psi | 85% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,896 psi | 88% | 2838 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,620 psi | 86% | 2910 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,904 psi | 74% | 2848 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,795 psi | 88% | 2884 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,880 psi | 85% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,619 psi | 85% | 2923 fps | 97.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,463 psi | 60% | 2782 fps | 99.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,259 psi | 89% | 2900 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 25.6"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,270 psi | 83% | 2720 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,975 psi | 71% | 2648 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,169 psi | 82% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 44,991 psi | 74% | 2674 fps | 95.3% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 37,231 psi | 61% | 2628 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,640 psi | 67% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 32,053 psi | 53% | 2523 fps | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,398 psi | 76% | 2762 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,465 psi | 65% | 2612 fps | 98.1% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,443 psi | 80% | 2769 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,168 psi | 81% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,279 psi | 69% | 2802 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,247 psi | 64% | 2638 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,090 psi | 69% | 2700 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 82% | 32,460 psi | 53% | 2539 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 64.8 gr | 80% | 33,881 psi | 56% | 2608 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 88% | 28,181 psi | 46% | 2444 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 92% | 34,548 psi | 57% | 2680 fps | 95.4% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,687 psi | 75% | 2769 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,044 psi | 64% | 2641 fps | 99.3% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,107 psi | 74% | 2720 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,951 psi | 82% | 2753 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,456 psi | 78% | 2792 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,653 psi | 65% | 2641 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,018 psi | 69% | 2746 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,788 psi | 75% | 2769 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,847 psi | 77% | 2776 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,963 psi | 46% | 2385 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,844 psi | 70% | 2746 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | 77.1 gr | 90% | 44,846 psi | 74% | 2825 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,542 psi | 44% | 1585 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,904 psi | 74% | 2723 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,688 psi | 77% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,452 psi | 68% | 2648 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,874 psi | 72% | 2667 fps | 95.9% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 45,397 psi | 75% | 2746 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 41,379 psi | 68% | 2644 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 84% | 33,257 psi | 55% | 2536 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,120 psi | 71% | 2730 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,443 psi | 80% | 2769 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,832 psi | 75% | 2743 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,180 psi | 76% | 2697 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,408 psi | 68% | 2651 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,143 psi | 59% | 2536 fps | 95.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 88% | 41,452 psi | 68% | 2674 fps | 95.6% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,339 psi | 74% | 2710 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,818 psi | 75% | 2720 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,452 psi | 68% | 2690 fps | 99% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,414 psi | 79% | 2841 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 42,685 psi | 70% | 2835 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 82% | 32,387 psi | 53% | 2526 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,046 psi | 67% | 2700 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 88% | 38,580 psi | 63% | 2677 fps | 95.4% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,327 psi | 79% | 2779 fps | 98.4% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,008 psi | 79% | 2799 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,890 psi | 44% | 1624 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,089 psi | 66% | 2625 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,498 psi | 73% | 2808 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,027 psi | 59% | 2674 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,171 psi | 56% | 2598 fps | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 70.7 gr | 86% | 36,434 psi | 60% | 2661 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,472 psi | 81% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,279 psi | 71% | 2664 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,622 psi | 60% | 2582 fps | 98.6% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,107 psi | 74% | 2720 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,143 psi | 59% | 2536 fps | 95.1% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,832 psi | 75% | 2743 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,408 psi | 68% | 2651 fps | 99.7% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 41,452 psi | 68% | 2674 fps | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,594 psi | 62% | 2635 fps | 98.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,818 psi | 77% | 2756 fps | 98.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,875 psi | 74% | 2733 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,615 psi | 77% | 2661 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,914 psi | 64% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,480 psi | 66% | 2589 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,238 psi | 76% | 2661 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,528 psi | 76% | 2749 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,362 psi | 61% | 2589 fps | 98.6% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,209 psi | 45% | 2421 fps | 96.6% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 42,830 psi | 70% | 2733 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,992 psi | 77% | 2648 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,786 psi | 70% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,323 psi | 71% | 2651 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,592 psi | 58% | 2523 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,823 psi | 56% | 2526 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,689 psi | 80% | 2766 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,742 psi | 69% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,359 psi | 55% | 2530 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 88% | 30,226 psi | 50% | 2520 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,517 psi | 52% | 2451 fps | 97.1% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,559 psi | 80% | 2812 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,206 psi | 69% | 2749 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 92% | 28,268 psi | 46% | 2520 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,353 psi | 73% | 2736 fps | 99.7% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .338 Blaser Mag. loaded with the .338 | 200gr | NorthFork Bonded Core. ReloadSwiss RS 70 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,031 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,775 fps to 3,031 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (420 MPa), the top charges use 58–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 200.0 gr projectile in 0.338" calls for a 1:17.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for .338 Blaser Mag. with the .338 | 200gr | NorthFork Bonded Core they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.