Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .308 Win. Ackley Improved with .308 | 185gr | Berger Hybrid Target bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52 and Hodgdon LEVERevolution.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,126 psi | 85% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,750 psi | 86% | 2487 fps | 98.4% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,214 psi | 87% | 2500 fps | 98.7% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,113 psi | 88% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,302 psi | 90% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,201 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,519 psi | 89% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,214 psi | 87% | 2369 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,605 psi | 87% | 2388 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,461 psi | 89% | 2530 fps | 99.2% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,200 psi | 88% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,186 psi | 90% | 2520 fps | 98.8% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,648 psi | 86% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,895 psi | 88% | 2493 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,779 psi | 86% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,346 psi | 90% | 2585 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,823 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 98.5% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,027 psi | 90% | 2543 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,953 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,503 psi | 86% | 2425 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,940 psi | 90% | 2559 fps | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,862 psi | 78% | 2536 fps | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,331 psi | 90% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,998 psi | 90% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,968 psi | 88% | 2543 fps | 98.3% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,794 psi | 88% | 2549 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,127 psi | 87% | 2438 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,082 psi | 85% | 2520 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,997 psi | 88% | 2602 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,592 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,430 psi | 85% | 2480 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,401 psi | 85% | 2510 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,273 psi | 90% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,882 psi | 90% | 2543 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,376 psi | 62% | 2300 fps | 96.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,880 psi | 86% | 2562 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,098 psi | 57% | 1476 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,895 psi | 86% | 2497 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,446 psi | 87% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,896 psi | 90% | 2507 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,489 psi | 87% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,793 psi | 86% | 2543 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,895 psi | 88% | 2493 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,939 psi | 88% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,113 psi | 88% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,779 psi | 86% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,346 psi | 90% | 2470 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,026 psi | 88% | 2510 fps | 99.8% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,488 psi | 86% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,185 psi | 87% | 2484 fps | 99.7% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,272 psi | 87% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,026 psi | 88% | 2549 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,447 psi | 89% | 2572 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,548 psi | 89% | 2503 fps | 97.1% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,112 psi | 87% | 2520 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,024 psi | 85% | 2448 fps | 98.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,389 psi | 57% | 1512 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,837 psi | 88% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,431 psi | 87% | 2493 fps | 95.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,447 psi | 89% | 2615 fps | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,111 psi | 83% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,316 psi | 89% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,257 psi | 87% | 2477 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,139 psi | 82% | 2490 fps | 99.2% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,939 psi | 88% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,779 psi | 86% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,026 psi | 88% | 2510 fps | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,910 psi | 88% | 2454 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,447 psi | 89% | 2159 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,025 psi | 86% | 2484 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,358 psi | 85% | 2549 fps | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,518 psi | 87% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,213 psi | 85% | 2477 fps | 97.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,706 psi | 86% | 2503 fps | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,445 psi | 85% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,737 psi | 89% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,027 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,563 psi | 89% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,259 psi | 90% | 2523 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,096 psi | 83% | 2493 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,940 psi | 60% | 2336 fps | 97.5% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,113 psi | 88% | 2339 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,619 psi | 86% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,213 psi | 85% | 2388 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,273 psi | 90% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,808 psi | 88% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,486 psi | 81% | 2438 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,917 psi | 71% | 2392 fps | 95.9% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,359 psi | 89% | 2493 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,157 psi | 90% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,367 psi | 74% | 2385 fps | 98.1% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,228 psi | 87% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,111 psi | 85% | 2510 fps | 99.3% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,695 psi | 63% | 2215 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,414 psi | 80% | 2438 fps | 97.8% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,805 psi | 81% | 2451 fps | 98.2% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,495 psi | 67% | 2293 fps | 99.6% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,023 psi | 50% | 2126 fps | 99.7% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,969 psi | 60% | 2251 fps | 98.7% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,427 psi | 47% | 2106 fps | 97.7% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,166 psi | 77% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,543 psi | 77% | 2303 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,534 psi | 57% | 2205 fps | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,125 psi | 83% | 2346 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 37,840 psi | 63% | 2257 fps | 95.4% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,150 psi | 75% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,506 psi | 61% | 2224 fps | 97.2% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,954 psi | 58% | 2238 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,785 psi | 69% | 2392 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 40.7 gr | 88% | 40,524 psi | 67% | 2408 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,853 psi | 58% | 2218 fps | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 84% | 31,908 psi | 53% | 2178 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,801 psi | 71% | 2300 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,043 psi | 62% | 2280 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 92% | 36,260 psi | 60% | 2333 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,314 psi | 85% | 2365 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,672 psi | 74% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,524 psi | 67% | 2343 fps | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 31,067 psi | 52% | 2175 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,841 psi | 65% | 2228 fps | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,229 psi | 57% | 2234 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,521 psi | 62% | 2336 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,524 psi | 69% | 2323 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,032 psi | 70% | 2343 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,424 psi | 70% | 2372 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,807 psi | 84% | 2365 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,722 psi | 58% | 2218 fps | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 98% | 35,027 psi | 58% | 2251 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | 37.2 gr | 82% | 33,098 psi | 55% | 2228 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,338 psi | 42% | 1319 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,591 psi | 56% | 2178 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,228 psi | 55% | 2224 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,173 psi | 62% | 2238 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,845 psi | 73% | 2274 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 35,462 psi | 59% | 2260 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,506 psi | 61% | 2224 fps | 97.2% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,443 psi | 82% | 2438 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,277 psi | 67% | 2297 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,532 psi | 54% | 2192 fps | 97.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,824 psi | 60% | 2165 fps | 95.6% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,545 psi | 51% | 2113 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,254 psi | 80% | 2359 fps | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,779 psi | 56% | 2169 fps | 96.5% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,649 psi | 56% | 2185 fps | 98.7% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,040 psi | 57% | 2224 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,969 psi | 60% | 2277 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 44,121 psi | 73% | 2359 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,215 psi | 59% | 2234 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,494 psi | 66% | 2260 fps | 96.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,411 psi | 42% | 1348 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,017 psi | 68% | 2306 fps | 99.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,182 psi | 82% | 2448 fps | 95.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 38.5 gr | 86% | 38,218 psi | 63% | 2362 fps | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 84% | 29,878 psi | 50% | 2185 fps | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,608 psi | 62% | 2228 fps | 99.2% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,387 psi | 54% | 2133 fps | 96% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 88% | 33,446 psi | 56% | 2221 fps | 95.8% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,443 psi | 82% | 2438 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,532 psi | 54% | 2192 fps | 97.9% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,545 psi | 51% | 2113 fps | 95.3% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,424 psi | 72% | 2316 fps | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,763 psi | 84% | 2126 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,759 psi | 76% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 88% | 35,070 psi | 58% | 2264 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,468 psi | 72% | 2313 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,727 psi | 69% | 2329 fps | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,215 psi | 59% | 2224 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,694 psi | 59% | 2149 fps | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,051 psi | 48% | 2031 fps | 98.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,653 psi | 64% | 2290 fps | 98.1% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,027 psi | 58% | 2156 fps | 99.4% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,260 psi | 60% | 2238 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 86% | 32,605 psi | 54% | 2185 fps | 95.1% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 94% | 30,095 psi | 50% | 2198 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,067 psi | 83% | 2303 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,582 psi | 67% | 2224 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,679 psi | 59% | 2156 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,748 psi | 51% | 2133 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,821 psi | 53% | 2133 fps | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 84% | 28,979 psi | 48% | 2087 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 98% | 40,234 psi | 67% | 2343 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,303 psi | 60% | 2218 fps | 97.2% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,690 psi | 51% | 2123 fps | 97.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 92% | 34,127 psi | 57% | 2192 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,838 psi | 58% | 2247 fps | 97.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,155 psi | 53% | 2178 fps | 95% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for .308 Win. Ackley Improved loaded with the .308 | 185gr | Berger Hybrid Target. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,621 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,476 fps to 2,621 fps. Accurate 4064 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (415 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 185.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:11.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4064, ADI AR 2208, Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52, Hodgdon LEVERevolution rank at the top here: for .308 Win. Ackley Improved with the .308 | 185gr | Berger Hybrid Target they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.