Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .308 Norma Mag. with .308 | 125gr | Nosler AccuBond bullet and 96 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Vihtavuori N160, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,391 psi | 88% | 3228 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,042 psi | 86% | 3251 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,114 psi | 86% | 3245 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,305 psi | 90% | 3323 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,143 psi | 86% | 3294 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,129 psi | 86% | 3363 fps | 98.5% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,767 psi | 87% | 3327 fps | 99.4% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,811 psi | 89% | 3320 fps | 99.1% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,723 psi | 86% | 3274 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,172 psi | 86% | 3261 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,260 psi | 88% | 3399 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,521 psi | 87% | 3445 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,492 psi | 89% | 3343 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,724 psi | 89% | 3346 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,883 psi | 88% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,493 psi | 90% | 3373 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,721 psi | 83% | 3360 fps | 98.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,114 psi | 85% | 3412 fps | 99.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,680 psi | 87% | 3330 fps | 98.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,580 psi | 90% | 3366 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,449 psi | 88% | 3261 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,230 psi | 85% | 3304 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,970 psi | 88% | 3409 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,259 psi | 87% | 3281 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,507 psi | 89% | 3304 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,882 psi | 86% | 3310 fps | 98% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,433 psi | 85% | 3353 fps | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,318 psi | 88% | 3340 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,081 psi | 77% | 3225 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,651 psi | 87% | 3369 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,186 psi | 55% | 2083 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,186 psi | 85% | 3284 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3330 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,362 psi | 88% | 3307 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,420 psi | 88% | 3274 fps | 96.2% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,869 psi | 88% | 3199 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,188 psi | 88% | 3294 fps | 96% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,996 psi | 81% | 3287 fps | 98.1% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,274 psi | 87% | 3350 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,723 psi | 86% | 3274 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,042 psi | 86% | 3261 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,535 psi | 87% | 3304 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,274 psi | 87% | 3248 fps | 99.3% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3301 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,317 psi | 87% | 3284 fps | 97.4% |
| Lovex S070ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,376 psi | 88% | 3320 fps | 96.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,491 psi | 85% | 3271 fps | 99.8% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,868 psi | 86% | 3274 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,652 psi | 89% | 3356 fps | 99.5% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,128 psi | 85% | 3346 fps | 98.3% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,493 psi | 90% | 3383 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,113 psi | 83% | 3333 fps | 96.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,332 psi | 87% | 3284 fps | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,824 psi | 86% | 3307 fps | 99.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,782 psi | 87% | 3274 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,433 psi | 56% | 2126 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,653 psi | 90% | 3317 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,376 psi | 87% | 3287 fps | 96.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,012 psi | 85% | 3379 fps | 98.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,766 psi | 84% | 3419 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,795 psi | 86% | 3379 fps | 98.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,897 psi | 86% | 3406 fps | 97.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,259 psi | 87% | 3258 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,955 psi | 86% | 3268 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,145 psi | 90% | 3350 fps | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,317 psi | 87% | 3284 fps | 97.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,535 psi | 87% | 3304 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,985 psi | 88% | 3301 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,376 psi | 88% | 3320 fps | 96.5% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,522 psi | 90% | 3284 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,506 psi | 87% | 3356 fps | 99.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,724 psi | 89% | 3264 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,392 psi | 90% | 3320 fps | 98.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,740 psi | 90% | 3346 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,956 psi | 88% | 3212 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,130 psi | 88% | 3202 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,057 psi | 88% | 3235 fps | 96.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,289 psi | 88% | 3314 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,463 psi | 87% | 3209 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,826 psi | 89% | 3310 fps | 99.4% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,638 psi | 90% | 3350 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,486 psi | 76% | 3287 fps | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,535 psi | 87% | 3176 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,086 psi | 88% | 3196 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,288 psi | 85% | 3235 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,434 psi | 87% | 3248 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,506 psi | 87% | 3271 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,884 psi | 89% | 3346 fps | 98.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,317 psi | 87% | 3278 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,334 psi | 90% | 3297 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,912 psi | 88% | 3350 fps | 98.4% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,857 psi | 64% | 3123 fps | 96.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,740 psi | 90% | 3327 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,187 psi | 86% | 3330 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,665 psi | 86% | 3356 fps | 96% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,041 psi | 85% | 3297 fps | 99.5% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,804 psi | 73% | 3071 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,343 psi | 80% | 3192 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,566 psi | 62% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,514 psi | 73% | 3136 fps | 99.8% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,362 psi | 59% | 2946 fps | 99.2% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,524 psi | 65% | 3091 fps | 95.4% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,236 psi | 68% | 3077 fps | 97.3% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 39,102 psi | 61% | 2959 fps | 95.3% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,252 psi | 71% | 3094 fps | 98.8% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,063 psi | 71% | 3097 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,837 psi | 83% | 3333 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 64.7 gr | 82% | 42,003 psi | 66% | 3153 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,743 psi | 69% | 3094 fps | 97.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,158 psi | 57% | 2917 fps | 96.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,518 psi | 82% | 3186 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,957 psi | 61% | 2989 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,118 psi | 64% | 3104 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 84% | 35,868 psi | 56% | 2989 fps | 95.3% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,467 psi | 67% | 3071 fps | 95.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,723 psi | 56% | 2917 fps | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,079 psi | 74% | 3094 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,005 psi | 69% | 3107 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,457 psi | 76% | 3268 fps | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,692 psi | 81% | 3222 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,750 psi | 83% | 3241 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 42,047 psi | 66% | 3051 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,908 psi | 80% | 3284 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,598 psi | 68% | 3091 fps | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 90% | 35,404 psi | 55% | 2917 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,465 psi | 62% | 3041 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,150 psi | 41% | 1867 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,843 psi | 66% | 3035 fps | 97.4% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,004 psi | 67% | 3100 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,421 psi | 60% | 2936 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,953 psi | 83% | 3212 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,475 psi | 82% | 3146 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,736 psi | 83% | 3235 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 92% | 39,784 psi | 62% | 3035 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,914 psi | 63% | 3028 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,252 psi | 71% | 3094 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,329 psi | 80% | 3196 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,235 psi | 66% | 3054 fps | 99.3% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,352 psi | 68% | 3015 fps | 97.4% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,421 psi | 60% | 2946 fps | 97.3% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,006 psi | 72% | 3104 fps | 95.2% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,808 psi | 83% | 3255 fps | 95.7% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,293 psi | 66% | 3028 fps | 98.3% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,525 psi | 67% | 3045 fps | 99.7% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,348 psi | 60% | 2979 fps | 95.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,408 psi | 65% | 3091 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,797 psi | 59% | 2979 fps | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 49,719 psi | 78% | 3268 fps | 95.7% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,281 psi | 71% | 3087 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,643 psi | 70% | 3110 fps | 97.6% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,037 psi | 77% | 3150 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,455 psi | 41% | 1909 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,676 psi | 79% | 3196 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,515 psi | 76% | 3156 fps | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,669 psi | 64% | 3100 fps | 95.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 62.2 gr | 80% | 33,373 psi | 52% | 2933 fps | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 41,249 psi | 65% | 3107 fps | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,585 psi | 70% | 3189 fps | 95.1% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,137 psi | 72% | 3091 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,103 psi | 63% | 2969 fps | 97.7% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,984 psi | 56% | 2913 fps | 95.8% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,006 psi | 72% | 3104 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,235 psi | 66% | 3054 fps | 99.3% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,421 psi | 60% | 2946 fps | 97.3% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,808 psi | 83% | 3255 fps | 95.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,635 psi | 84% | 3219 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,999 psi | 58% | 2966 fps | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,243 psi | 83% | 3212 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,511 psi | 68% | 3051 fps | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,742 psi | 65% | 3035 fps | 96.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,526 psi | 68% | 2989 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,100 psi | 57% | 2828 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,475 psi | 82% | 3173 fps | 95.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,052 psi | 77% | 3186 fps | 99.5% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,308 psi | 68% | 2992 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,250 psi | 68% | 3054 fps | 97.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,548 psi | 54% | 2864 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 88% | 32,401 psi | 51% | 2894 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,168 psi | 77% | 3074 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,787 psi | 69% | 2989 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,392 psi | 62% | 2963 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,161 psi | 63% | 2966 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,779 psi | 51% | 2792 fps | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | 68.2 gr | 92% | 43,526 psi | 68% | 3097 fps | 95.9% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,266 psi | 71% | 3087 fps | 98.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,725 psi | 61% | 2946 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 92% | 42,743 psi | 67% | 3091 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 38,290 psi | 60% | 3061 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,926 psi | 56% | 2881 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,759 psi | 70% | 3133 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,908 psi | 80% | 3284 fps | 95% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,176 psi | 65% | 3038 fps | 97.4% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 96 powders for .308 Norma Mag. loaded with the .308 | 125gr | Nosler AccuBond. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,445 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 2,083 fps to 3,445 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 96 of the 96 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (440 MPa), the top charges use 55–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 125.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:14.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Hodgdon Hybrid 100V reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Vihtavuori N160, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .308 Norma Mag. with the .308 | 125gr | Nosler AccuBond they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.