Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .300 H&H Mag. with .308 | 150gr | Osprey Virtus bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,316 psi | 85% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,448 psi | 89% | 2972 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,577 psi | 86% | 2989 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,752 psi | 88% | 2972 fps | 96.7% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,405 psi | 89% | 3022 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,159 psi | 90% | 3117 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,999 psi | 90% | 3058 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,867 psi | 86% | 3009 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,969 psi | 88% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,173 psi | 90% | 2986 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,275 psi | 90% | 3189 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,838 psi | 86% | 3028 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,259 psi | 87% | 3051 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,722 psi | 86% | 3117 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,955 psi | 88% | 3156 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,930 psi | 66% | 2884 fps | 98.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,166 psi | 74% | 3061 fps | 98.2% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,028 psi | 90% | 3074 fps | 99.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,259 psi | 87% | 3041 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 3009 fps | 96.9% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,171 psi | 85% | 2940 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,549 psi | 87% | 3038 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,274 psi | 89% | 3054 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,201 psi | 89% | 3107 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,869 psi | 90% | 3074 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,113 psi | 85% | 3015 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,548 psi | 86% | 3041 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,721 psi | 85% | 3045 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,246 psi | 90% | 3150 fps | 97.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,433 psi | 57% | 1886 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 3018 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,214 psi | 85% | 3002 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,200 psi | 85% | 2989 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,011 psi | 85% | 2963 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,969 psi | 88% | 3038 fps | 97.1% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,127 psi | 85% | 2992 fps | 97.1% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,910 psi | 85% | 3045 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,666 psi | 89% | 3081 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,969 psi | 88% | 3009 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,014 psi | 90% | 3035 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,535 psi | 89% | 2986 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,376 psi | 90% | 3038 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,767 psi | 89% | 3038 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,243 psi | 85% | 3015 fps | 97.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,578 psi | 88% | 2999 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,245 psi | 89% | 3002 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,476 psi | 86% | 3035 fps | 99.8% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,709 psi | 89% | 3087 fps | 95.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,984 psi | 88% | 3097 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,331 psi | 87% | 3061 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,824 psi | 86% | 3091 fps | 98.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,187 psi | 88% | 3025 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,114 psi | 88% | 3048 fps | 99.9% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,796 psi | 89% | 3009 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,955 psi | 58% | 1932 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,637 psi | 89% | 3038 fps | 98.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,940 psi | 88% | 3120 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,578 psi | 88% | 3156 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,999 psi | 90% | 3136 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,434 psi | 89% | 3166 fps | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,201 psi | 89% | 2982 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,143 psi | 88% | 3002 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,128 psi | 87% | 3035 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 3009 fps | 96.9% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,767 psi | 89% | 3038 fps | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,014 psi | 90% | 3035 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,376 psi | 90% | 3038 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,243 psi | 85% | 3015 fps | 97.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,405 psi | 90% | 3100 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,621 psi | 86% | 2999 fps | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,563 psi | 87% | 3028 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,101 psi | 90% | 2940 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,243 psi | 85% | 2890 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,086 psi | 90% | 2989 fps | 97.7% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,246 psi | 90% | 3041 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,492 psi | 89% | 2936 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,359 psi | 86% | 2992 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,476 psi | 87% | 3031 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 53,185 psi | 85% | 3100 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,608 psi | 89% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,171 psi | 85% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,955 psi | 88% | 2963 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,796 psi | 89% | 2982 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,043 psi | 90% | 3012 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,056 psi | 87% | 3041 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,361 psi | 89% | 3005 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,157 psi | 87% | 2976 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,142 psi | 85% | 3045 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,078 psi | 72% | 2966 fps | 98.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,157 psi | 87% | 3018 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,767 psi | 89% | 3061 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,492 psi | 89% | 3114 fps | 97.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,535 psi | 59% | 2881 fps | 98.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,476 psi | 87% | 3035 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,937 psi | 80% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,206 psi | 68% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,951 psi | 80% | 2933 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,008 psi | 77% | 2854 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,958 psi | 64% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 36,535 psi | 59% | 2740 fps | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,238 psi | 74% | 2887 fps | 99.1% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,189 psi | 63% | 2723 fps | 97.2% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,414 psi | 78% | 2897 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,936 psi | 78% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,366 psi | 68% | 2920 fps | 97.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,827 psi | 62% | 2743 fps | 98.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,872 psi | 67% | 2818 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 86% | 36,521 psi | 59% | 2756 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 59.3 gr | 80% | 33,605 psi | 54% | 2703 fps | 96.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 92% | 31,517 psi | 51% | 2641 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 94% | 36,927 psi | 59% | 2841 fps | 95.1% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,730 psi | 73% | 2890 fps | 98.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,566 psi | 62% | 2746 fps | 98.5% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,008 psi | 77% | 2897 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,966 psi | 80% | 2884 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,543 psi | 76% | 2920 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,407 psi | 63% | 2753 fps | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,092 psi | 72% | 2923 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,373 psi | 84% | 3012 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,731 psi | 75% | 2900 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 84% | 31,459 psi | 50% | 2585 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,859 psi | 69% | 2867 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | 72.1 gr | 92% | 48,356 psi | 78% | 3009 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,426 psi | 42% | 1690 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,817 psi | 72% | 2848 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,615 psi | 75% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,162 psi | 66% | 2762 fps | 97.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 46,528 psi | 75% | 2841 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,399 psi | 78% | 2923 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 46,862 psi | 75% | 2877 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,346 psi | 57% | 2694 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,931 psi | 69% | 2851 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,414 psi | 78% | 2897 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,469 psi | 73% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,963 psi | 74% | 2822 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,988 psi | 66% | 2762 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,770 psi | 65% | 2756 fps | 95.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 43,918 psi | 70% | 2841 fps | 95.2% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,976 psi | 72% | 2831 fps | 99.7% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,469 psi | 73% | 2844 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,220 psi | 66% | 2805 fps | 98.3% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,083 psi | 84% | 3028 fps | 95% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 36,753 psi | 59% | 2740 fps | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,089 psi | 66% | 2818 fps | 98.1% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,147 psi | 66% | 2848 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,356 psi | 78% | 2904 fps | 97.7% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,921 psi | 77% | 2923 fps | 99.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,257 psi | 84% | 2949 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,614 psi | 43% | 1726 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 82% | 42,598 psi | 68% | 2795 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,411 psi | 71% | 2927 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,810 psi | 57% | 2779 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 86% | 36,419 psi | 58% | 2756 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 66.3 gr | 88% | 39,073 psi | 63% | 2831 fps | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,791 psi | 78% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,757 psi | 69% | 2782 fps | 99.4% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,114 psi | 58% | 2684 fps | 97.7% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,008 psi | 77% | 2897 fps | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,770 psi | 65% | 2756 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,469 psi | 73% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,988 psi | 66% | 2762 fps | 99.2% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 43,918 psi | 70% | 2841 fps | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,391 psi | 60% | 2740 fps | 97.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,673 psi | 75% | 2874 fps | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,715 psi | 72% | 2854 fps | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,456 psi | 74% | 2789 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,725 psi | 62% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 46,021 psi | 74% | 2815 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,576 psi | 84% | 2982 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,948 psi | 74% | 2785 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,514 psi | 75% | 2874 fps | 99.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,941 psi | 59% | 2694 fps | 97.7% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 82% | 28,718 psi | 46% | 2562 fps | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 52,373 psi | 84% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,891 psi | 75% | 2782 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,540 psi | 68% | 2766 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,047 psi | 69% | 2772 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,157 psi | 56% | 2625 fps | 98.4% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 84% | 36,013 psi | 58% | 2687 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,530 psi | 78% | 2897 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,626 psi | 67% | 2759 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,840 psi | 61% | 2743 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 92% | 34,330 psi | 55% | 2726 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,314 psi | 50% | 2546 fps | 95.8% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,457 psi | 78% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,310 psi | 73% | 2927 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 96% | 31,937 psi | 51% | 2736 fps | 96.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,266 psi | 71% | 2854 fps | 99.2% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .300 H&H Mag. loaded with the .308 | 150gr | Osprey Virtus. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,189 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,886 fps to 3,189 fps. Alliant Reloder-23 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (430 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 150.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:13.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26, Hodgdon Hybrid 100V reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for .300 H&H Mag. with the .308 | 150gr | Osprey Virtus they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.