Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .30-06 Spring. with .311 | 190gr | Prvi Partizan FMJ BT bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17 and Winchester 760.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,473 psi | 86% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,924 psi | 88% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,198 psi | 85% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,459 psi | 88% | 2487 fps | 96.5% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,779 psi | 88% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,155 psi | 87% | 2605 fps | 99.4% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,489 psi | 89% | 2559 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,488 psi | 86% | 2516 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,837 psi | 88% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,272 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,866 psi | 88% | 2664 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,169 psi | 85% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,662 psi | 86% | 2552 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,576 psi | 90% | 2654 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,299 psi | 86% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,623 psi | 64% | 2418 fps | 98.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,756 psi | 71% | 2559 fps | 97.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,996 psi | 89% | 2572 fps | 99.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,386 psi | 86% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,908 psi | 87% | 2520 fps | 96.7% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,372 psi | 86% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,576 psi | 90% | 2631 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,358 psi | 87% | 2556 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,517 psi | 86% | 2598 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,793 psi | 88% | 2569 fps | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,982 psi | 90% | 2569 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,921 psi | 83% | 2546 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,112 psi | 89% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,198 psi | 87% | 2631 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,462 psi | 60% | 1558 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,053 psi | 87% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,953 psi | 90% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,821 psi | 85% | 2500 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,995 psi | 85% | 2477 fps | 97% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,894 psi | 87% | 2543 fps | 96.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,692 psi | 90% | 2549 fps | 97.5% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,735 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,938 psi | 88% | 2582 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,837 psi | 88% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,924 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,460 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,953 psi | 90% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,025 psi | 89% | 2543 fps | 98.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,678 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 97.8% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,358 psi | 87% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,953 psi | 88% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,922 psi | 85% | 2543 fps | 99.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,415 psi | 86% | 2595 fps | 99.3% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,067 psi | 85% | 2562 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,678 psi | 90% | 2638 fps | 98.5% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2533 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,184 psi | 87% | 2546 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,634 psi | 90% | 2520 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,766 psi | 61% | 1591 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,750 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 98% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,560 psi | 86% | 2608 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,227 psi | 86% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,676 psi | 86% | 2625 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,691 psi | 86% | 2648 fps | 99% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,547 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,212 psi | 85% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,908 psi | 87% | 2520 fps | 96.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,025 psi | 89% | 2543 fps | 98.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,924 psi | 88% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,953 psi | 90% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,678 psi | 90% | 2572 fps | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,982 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,995 psi | 85% | 2507 fps | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,894 psi | 87% | 2536 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,982 psi | 90% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,038 psi | 85% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,199 psi | 89% | 2500 fps | 97.4% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,562 psi | 89% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,315 psi | 89% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,040 psi | 90% | 2549 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,879 psi | 87% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,341 psi | 82% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,895 psi | 90% | 2425 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,154 psi | 85% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,343 psi | 87% | 2480 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,359 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,127 psi | 89% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,026 psi | 90% | 2592 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,214 psi | 89% | 2520 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,430 psi | 86% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,924 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,785 psi | 69% | 2487 fps | 98.5% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,835 psi | 85% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,822 psi | 88% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,850 psi | 87% | 2605 fps | 97.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 33,562 psi | 57% | 2411 fps | 98.2% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,531 psi | 86% | 2539 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,210 psi | 80% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,074 psi | 68% | 2323 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,688 psi | 79% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 45,034 psi | 77% | 2388 fps | 95% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,884 psi | 64% | 2320 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,692 psi | 57% | 2297 fps | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,540 psi | 74% | 2418 fps | 99.2% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,188 psi | 63% | 2287 fps | 97.3% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,585 psi | 78% | 2425 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,745 psi | 78% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,421 psi | 67% | 2444 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,593 psi | 62% | 2306 fps | 98.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,305 psi | 67% | 2359 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 84% | 32,314 psi | 55% | 2264 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 45 gr | 80% | 31,517 psi | 54% | 2274 fps | 96.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 92% | 29,515 psi | 50% | 2224 fps | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 36,390 psi | 62% | 2444 fps | 95.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,714 psi | 73% | 2425 fps | 98.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,187 psi | 62% | 2310 fps | 98.7% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 44,962 psi | 77% | 2425 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,558 psi | 81% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,309 psi | 75% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,892 psi | 83% | 2579 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,927 psi | 63% | 2306 fps | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,481 psi | 71% | 2444 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,544 psi | 83% | 2516 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,903 psi | 75% | 2428 fps | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 82% | 27,833 psi | 47% | 2126 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,798 psi | 68% | 2402 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,425 psi | 76% | 2516 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,440 psi | 45% | 1391 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,279 psi | 72% | 2388 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,656 psi | 74% | 2425 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,030 psi | 66% | 2316 fps | 98% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 44,048 psi | 75% | 2379 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,092 psi | 77% | 2448 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,874 psi | 75% | 2405 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 86% | 32,721 psi | 56% | 2260 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,248 psi | 69% | 2388 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,585 psi | 78% | 2425 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,511 psi | 72% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,627 psi | 74% | 2359 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,740 psi | 66% | 2316 fps | 99.3% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,276 psi | 65% | 2310 fps | 95.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,234 psi | 70% | 2385 fps | 95.2% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,786 psi | 73% | 2379 fps | 99.7% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,917 psi | 73% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,696 psi | 66% | 2352 fps | 98.4% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,171 psi | 58% | 2300 fps | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,101 psi | 65% | 2362 fps | 98.1% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,232 psi | 65% | 2388 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,542 psi | 78% | 2434 fps | 97.6% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,063 psi | 77% | 2454 fps | 99.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,168 psi | 84% | 2470 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,571 psi | 45% | 1421 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,147 psi | 68% | 2346 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,118 psi | 70% | 2454 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 45 gr | 80% | 33,576 psi | 57% | 2336 fps | 99.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,518 psi | 57% | 2313 fps | 95.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 88% | 36,303 psi | 62% | 2372 fps | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,775 psi | 80% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,727 psi | 69% | 2336 fps | 99.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,939 psi | 58% | 2254 fps | 97.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 44,962 psi | 77% | 2425 fps | 95.3% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,276 psi | 65% | 2310 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,511 psi | 72% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,740 psi | 66% | 2316 fps | 99.3% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,234 psi | 70% | 2385 fps | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,911 psi | 59% | 2300 fps | 97.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,642 psi | 74% | 2405 fps | 97.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,032 psi | 72% | 2392 fps | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 75% | 2336 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,695 psi | 62% | 2215 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,917 psi | 73% | 2356 fps | 95.4% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,327 psi | 84% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,743 psi | 74% | 2336 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,511 psi | 74% | 2408 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,983 psi | 60% | 2264 fps | 97.9% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,367 psi | 43% | 2110 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,879 psi | 85% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,483 psi | 76% | 2329 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,118 psi | 68% | 2320 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,567 psi | 69% | 2323 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,083 psi | 56% | 2205 fps | 98.6% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 84% | 33,678 psi | 57% | 2257 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,716 psi | 78% | 2425 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,059 psi | 66% | 2316 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,099 psi | 60% | 2303 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 92% | 31,531 psi | 54% | 2293 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,515 psi | 50% | 2139 fps | 95.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,165 psi | 77% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | 49.6 gr | 90% | 41,742 psi | 71% | 2451 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 96% | 29,588 psi | 50% | 2293 fps | 96.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,350 psi | 70% | 2395 fps | 99.2% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .30-06 Spring. loaded with the .311 | 190gr | Prvi Partizan FMJ BT. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,664 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,558 fps to 2,664 fps. Alliant Reloder-16 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (405 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 190.0 gr projectile in 0.311" calls for a 1:13.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17, Winchester 760 rank at the top here: for .30-06 Spring. with the .311 | 190gr | Prvi Partizan FMJ BT they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.