Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .30-06 R Stief with .308 | 180gr | MAKER Expanding Subsonic bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60 and Hodgdon H414.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,256 psi | 86% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,503 psi | 88% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,777 psi | 85% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,053 psi | 87% | 2562 fps | 96.1% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,547 psi | 88% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,894 psi | 87% | 2684 fps | 99.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,431 psi | 89% | 2644 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,343 psi | 86% | 2598 fps | 99.4% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,576 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,779 psi | 88% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,590 psi | 88% | 2746 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,142 psi | 90% | 2664 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,444 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,663 psi | 90% | 2740 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2720 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,449 psi | 64% | 2487 fps | 98.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,568 psi | 71% | 2631 fps | 97.3% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,808 psi | 88% | 2651 fps | 99.4% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,270 psi | 86% | 2628 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,720 psi | 86% | 2595 fps | 96.3% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,314 psi | 86% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,430 psi | 86% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,257 psi | 89% | 2713 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,155 psi | 87% | 2635 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,575 psi | 86% | 2680 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,445 psi | 88% | 2644 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,910 psi | 90% | 2654 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,733 psi | 83% | 2621 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,967 psi | 88% | 2684 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,068 psi | 87% | 2707 fps | 96.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,331 psi | 60% | 1614 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2605 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,721 psi | 90% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,997 psi | 90% | 2628 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,011 psi | 90% | 2605 fps | 97.3% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2618 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,489 psi | 89% | 2625 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,401 psi | 88% | 2674 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,721 psi | 88% | 2661 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,576 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,953 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,228 psi | 89% | 2575 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,779 psi | 90% | 2625 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,779 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 98.3% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,518 psi | 89% | 2651 fps | 97.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,387 psi | 87% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,648 psi | 88% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,895 psi | 90% | 2671 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,256 psi | 86% | 2674 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,821 psi | 85% | 2641 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,373 psi | 89% | 2717 fps | 98.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,532 psi | 88% | 2608 fps | 98.4% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,155 psi | 87% | 2631 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,156 psi | 89% | 2595 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,868 psi | 61% | 1657 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,517 psi | 88% | 2618 fps | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,575 psi | 86% | 2694 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,096 psi | 85% | 2726 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,401 psi | 86% | 2703 fps | 99% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,662 psi | 86% | 2726 fps | 98.8% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,243 psi | 89% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,561 psi | 88% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,125 psi | 85% | 2621 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,720 psi | 86% | 2595 fps | 96.3% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,779 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 98.3% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,953 psi | 88% | 2621 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,779 psi | 90% | 2625 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,518 psi | 89% | 2651 fps | 97.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,605 psi | 88% | 2674 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,937 psi | 85% | 2589 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,937 psi | 87% | 2615 fps | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,895 psi | 90% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,997 psi | 90% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,069 psi | 89% | 2575 fps | 97.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,344 psi | 89% | 2625 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,373 psi | 89% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,852 psi | 90% | 2631 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,575 psi | 86% | 2618 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,964 psi | 82% | 2677 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,794 psi | 90% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,098 psi | 90% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,111 psi | 87% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,228 psi | 89% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,924 psi | 88% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,750 psi | 90% | 2671 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,866 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,401 psi | 86% | 2572 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,837 psi | 88% | 2677 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 40,524 psi | 69% | 2559 fps | 98.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,879 psi | 85% | 2605 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,590 psi | 88% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,575 psi | 86% | 2680 fps | 97.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 33,417 psi | 57% | 2474 fps | 97.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,488 psi | 86% | 2621 fps | 99.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,166 psi | 80% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,885 psi | 68% | 2398 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,731 psi | 80% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,979 psi | 82% | 2513 fps | 95.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,695 psi | 64% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 33,605 psi | 57% | 2365 fps | 95.3% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,294 psi | 74% | 2493 fps | 98.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,840 psi | 63% | 2352 fps | 96.9% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,310 psi | 77% | 2500 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,542 psi | 78% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,421 psi | 67% | 2520 fps | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,405 psi | 62% | 2375 fps | 98.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,073 psi | 67% | 2431 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,113 psi | 58% | 2379 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 46.8 gr | 80% | 31,357 psi | 53% | 2339 fps | 96.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 94% | 31,169 psi | 53% | 2336 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 36,216 psi | 62% | 2510 fps | 95.3% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,366 psi | 72% | 2497 fps | 97.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,897 psi | 61% | 2375 fps | 98.3% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,645 psi | 81% | 2546 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,355 psi | 81% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,251 psi | 75% | 2526 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,718 psi | 83% | 2657 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,840 psi | 63% | 2379 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H414 | 52.7 gr | 92% | 44,266 psi | 75% | 2572 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,356 psi | 82% | 2592 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,656 psi | 74% | 2503 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 84% | 29,312 psi | 50% | 2234 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,581 psi | 67% | 2474 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,659 psi | 81% | 2651 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,208 psi | 45% | 1440 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,003 psi | 72% | 2461 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,207 psi | 74% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,667 psi | 66% | 2385 fps | 97.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 43,918 psi | 75% | 2454 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 47,688 psi | 81% | 2569 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,729 psi | 74% | 2480 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,882 psi | 59% | 2379 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,972 psi | 68% | 2461 fps | 98.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,310 psi | 77% | 2500 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,380 psi | 72% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,468 psi | 74% | 2434 fps | 99% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,566 psi | 66% | 2392 fps | 99% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,261 psi | 65% | 2385 fps | 95.2% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,627 psi | 74% | 2503 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,598 psi | 73% | 2454 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,728 psi | 73% | 2461 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,435 psi | 65% | 2421 fps | 98% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,142 psi | 58% | 2372 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,043 psi | 65% | 2434 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 40,495 psi | 69% | 2510 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,223 psi | 77% | 2507 fps | 97.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,730 psi | 76% | 2526 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,168 psi | 84% | 2549 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,542 psi | 45% | 1476 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 42,627 psi | 73% | 2467 fps | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,915 psi | 70% | 2526 fps | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 46.8 gr | 80% | 33,388 psi | 57% | 2402 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 88% | 35,868 psi | 61% | 2438 fps | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,595 psi | 66% | 2497 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,456 psi | 79% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,408 psi | 69% | 2405 fps | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,924 psi | 58% | 2326 fps | 97.5% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,645 psi | 81% | 2546 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 38,261 psi | 65% | 2385 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,380 psi | 72% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,566 psi | 66% | 2392 fps | 99% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,627 psi | 74% | 2503 fps | 95.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,795 psi | 59% | 2372 fps | 96.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,584 psi | 74% | 2484 fps | 97.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,901 psi | 71% | 2467 fps | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,903 psi | 75% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,448 psi | 62% | 2283 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 42,641 psi | 73% | 2425 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,936 psi | 83% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,584 psi | 74% | 2411 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,192 psi | 74% | 2480 fps | 98.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,824 psi | 59% | 2336 fps | 97.5% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 82% | 26,818 psi | 46% | 2218 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,574 psi | 84% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,193 psi | 75% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,784 psi | 68% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,596 psi | 69% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,112 psi | 56% | 2277 fps | 98.3% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,708 psi | 61% | 2372 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,426 psi | 77% | 2500 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,928 psi | 66% | 2388 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,954 psi | 60% | 2372 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 92% | 31,241 psi | 53% | 2356 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,298 psi | 50% | 2198 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,918 psi | 76% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,266 psi | 75% | 2572 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 96% | 29,428 psi | 50% | 2352 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,336 psi | 70% | 2470 fps | 99% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .30-06 R Stief loaded with the .308 | 180gr | MAKER Expanding Subsonic. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,746 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,614 fps to 2,746 fps. Alliant Reloder-16 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (405 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 180.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:13.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Hodgdon H414 rank at the top here: for .30-06 R Stief with the .308 | 180gr | MAKER Expanding Subsonic they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.