Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .30-06 R Stief with .308 | 175gr | Lehigh Defense Controlled Chaos bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, Alliant Reloder-17 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,096 psi | 85% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,314 psi | 87% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,053 psi | 87% | 2589 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,416 psi | 88% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,416 psi | 88% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,792 psi | 86% | 2628 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,966 psi | 85% | 2687 fps | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,315 psi | 89% | 2657 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,183 psi | 85% | 2608 fps | 99% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,503 psi | 88% | 2615 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,488 psi | 88% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,517 psi | 88% | 2759 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,504 psi | 89% | 2671 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,011 psi | 90% | 2575 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2644 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,965 psi | 83% | 2690 fps | 98.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 98% | 52,910 psi | 90% | 2779 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,621 psi | 59% | 2431 fps | 96.5% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,648 psi | 88% | 2664 fps | 99% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,939 psi | 90% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,473 psi | 86% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,314 psi | 86% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,909 psi | 88% | 2726 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,256 psi | 87% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,039 psi | 87% | 2651 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,445 psi | 88% | 2707 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,837 psi | 90% | 2671 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,904 psi | 76% | 2575 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,532 psi | 88% | 2697 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,867 psi | 59% | 1611 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,837 psi | 90% | 2654 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,575 psi | 86% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2628 fps | 99.3% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,619 psi | 88% | 2595 fps | 96.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,359 psi | 89% | 2635 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,076 psi | 72% | 2539 fps | 97.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,256 psi | 87% | 2674 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,503 psi | 88% | 2615 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,184 psi | 87% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,416 psi | 88% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,359 psi | 89% | 2592 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,373 psi | 89% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,488 psi | 88% | 2631 fps | 97.7% |
| Lovex S070ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,025 psi | 89% | 2657 fps | 96.8% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,923 psi | 87% | 2605 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,445 psi | 88% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,591 psi | 90% | 2684 fps | 99.7% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,472 psi | 84% | 2680 fps | 98.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,852 psi | 90% | 2703 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,602 psi | 83% | 2667 fps | 96.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,793 psi | 88% | 2625 fps | 97.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,894 psi | 87% | 2644 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,359 psi | 89% | 2615 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,375 psi | 60% | 1654 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,966 psi | 87% | 2598 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,561 psi | 88% | 2631 fps | 97% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,821 psi | 85% | 2700 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,837 psi | 90% | 2785 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,400 psi | 84% | 2703 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,082 psi | 85% | 2726 fps | 98% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,214 psi | 89% | 2595 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,459 psi | 88% | 2605 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,808 psi | 90% | 2677 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,488 psi | 88% | 2631 fps | 97.7% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,416 psi | 88% | 2635 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,373 psi | 89% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,025 psi | 89% | 2657 fps | 96.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,126 psi | 87% | 2687 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,734 psi | 85% | 2598 fps | 98% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,676 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,910 psi | 90% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,591 psi | 90% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 51,706 psi | 88% | 2582 fps | 96.3% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,359 psi | 89% | 2644 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,054 psi | 89% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,808 psi | 90% | 2648 fps | 99.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,198 psi | 85% | 2631 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,150 psi | 75% | 2631 fps | 99.8% |
| Unknown powder | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,720 psi | 86% | 2687 fps | 98.2% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,837 psi | 90% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,968 psi | 90% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,503 psi | 88% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,156 psi | 89% | 2677 fps | 98.8% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,837 psi | 88% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,198 psi | 85% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,995 psi | 87% | 2680 fps | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,869 psi | 63% | 2503 fps | 96.5% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,939 psi | 90% | 2664 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,735 psi | 88% | 2664 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,445 psi | 88% | 2707 fps | 96.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,358 psi | 87% | 2654 fps | 99.8% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,063 psi | 75% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,080 psi | 82% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,854 psi | 63% | 2369 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,742 psi | 71% | 2487 fps | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,742 psi | 71% | 2487 fps | 99.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,824 psi | 59% | 2356 fps | 99.6% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 35,085 psi | 60% | 2421 fps | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,611 psi | 69% | 2461 fps | 97.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,708 psi | 59% | 2320 fps | 95.4% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,656 psi | 73% | 2470 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,134 psi | 72% | 2467 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 45.4 gr | 80% | 36,695 psi | 62% | 2470 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,866 psi | 58% | 2336 fps | 97% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,893 psi | 85% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,463 psi | 62% | 2395 fps | 96.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 90% | 36,042 psi | 61% | 2434 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 45.8 gr | 82% | 31,198 psi | 53% | 2343 fps | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 98% | 32,677 psi | 56% | 2382 fps | 95.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,465 psi | 67% | 2454 fps | 96.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,315 psi | 57% | 2339 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,701 psi | 76% | 2467 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,046 psi | 70% | 2490 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,860 psi | 76% | 2612 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,339 psi | 77% | 2516 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 39,088 psi | 67% | 2441 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,906 psi | 82% | 2651 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,930 psi | 70% | 2470 fps | 98.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 88% | 30,864 psi | 53% | 2283 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,650 psi | 59% | 2388 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,107 psi | 44% | 1444 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,463 psi | 62% | 2365 fps | 97.4% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,738 psi | 63% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,779 psi | 58% | 2293 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,977 psi | 78% | 2500 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,412 psi | 79% | 2536 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 34,780 psi | 59% | 2395 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,304 psi | 64% | 2425 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,656 psi | 73% | 2470 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,979 psi | 82% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,276 psi | 67% | 2441 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,017 psi | 70% | 2405 fps | 98% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,940 psi | 61% | 2356 fps | 98% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,263 psi | 69% | 2438 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 45,948 psi | 78% | 2559 fps | 95.4% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,900 psi | 68% | 2421 fps | 98.8% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,943 psi | 68% | 2431 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,839 psi | 61% | 2382 fps | 96.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 90% | 35,824 psi | 61% | 2425 fps | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,302 psi | 60% | 2392 fps | 96.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 42,714 psi | 73% | 2562 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,453 psi | 72% | 2467 fps | 95.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,727 psi | 71% | 2490 fps | 98.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,180 psi | 79% | 2516 fps | 98.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,208 psi | 45% | 1476 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,732 psi | 81% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,107 psi | 77% | 2526 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,768 psi | 64% | 2484 fps | 96.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 44.7 gr | 80% | 31,169 psi | 53% | 2356 fps | 97.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 37,521 psi | 64% | 2487 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 94% | 40,959 psi | 70% | 2552 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,772 psi | 75% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,971 psi | 65% | 2375 fps | 98.4% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,183 psi | 53% | 2280 fps | 95.9% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,263 psi | 69% | 2438 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,276 psi | 67% | 2441 fps | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,940 psi | 61% | 2356 fps | 98% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 45,948 psi | 78% | 2559 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,358 psi | 55% | 2329 fps | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,596 psi | 69% | 2441 fps | 96% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,131 psi | 67% | 2431 fps | 97.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,452 psi | 71% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,185 psi | 58% | 2260 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,240 psi | 82% | 2530 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,745 psi | 78% | 2543 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,973 psi | 70% | 2388 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,219 psi | 68% | 2441 fps | 97.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,372 psi | 55% | 2297 fps | 96.1% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 86% | 28,094 psi | 48% | 2267 fps | 95.5% |
| Unknown powder | <<locked>> | 90% | 39,131 psi | 67% | 2480 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,876 psi | 80% | 2448 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,611 psi | 71% | 2382 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,043 psi | 63% | 2365 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,695 psi | 64% | 2369 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,574 psi | 52% | 2234 fps | 96.9% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 37,521 psi | 64% | 2425 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,714 psi | 73% | 2470 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,289 psi | 62% | 2356 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 90% | 36,927 psi | 63% | 2431 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 34,737 psi | 59% | 2454 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 84% | 31,198 psi | 53% | 2257 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,005 psi | 77% | 2562 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,906 psi | 82% | 2651 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,834 psi | 81% | 2598 fps | 99.5% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 109 powders for .30-06 R Stief loaded with the .308 | 175gr | Lehigh Defense Controlled Chaos. ReloadSwiss RS 60 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,785 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,611 fps to 2,785 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 109 of the 109 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (405 MPa), the top charges use 53–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 175.0 gr projectile in 0.308" calls for a 1:11.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, Accurate 4350, ADI AR 2209 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .30-06 R Stief with the .308 | 175gr | Lehigh Defense Controlled Chaos they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. As outliers, Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, Alliant Reloder-19 burn incompletely and react more sensitively to barrel length and temperature. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.