Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .280 Rem. with .284 | 150gr | RWS Speed Tip Professional bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Reloder-16, ReloadSwiss RS 70 and Ramshot Hunter.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,183 psi | 85% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,141 psi | 89% | 2687 fps | 97% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,005 psi | 75% | 2648 fps | 97.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,270 psi | 86% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,142 psi | 90% | 2818 fps | 99.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,357 psi | 86% | 2710 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,343 psi | 87% | 2713 fps | 99.7% |
| ADI AR 2209ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,634 psi | 88% | 2795 fps | 96% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,547 psi | 89% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,098 psi | 90% | 2877 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmintᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,343 psi | 87% | 2792 fps | 96.1% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmintᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,343 psi | 87% | 2792 fps | 96.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,401 psi | 88% | 2736 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,837 psi | 88% | 2756 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,082 psi | 87% | 2822 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,938 psi | 88% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,618 psi | 86% | 2785 fps | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 41,611 psi | 71% | 2674 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,630 psi | 79% | 2838 fps | 99.1% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,069 psi | 90% | 2772 fps | 99.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 88% | 51,938 psi | 88% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,953 psi | 88% | 2723 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 51,750 psi | 88% | 2740 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,736 psi | 90% | 2762 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,518 psi | 89% | 2815 fps | 98% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,881 psi | 90% | 2776 fps | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,850 psi | 87% | 2723 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,865 psi | 87% | 2753 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,620 psi | 90% | 2848 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,650 psi | 61% | 1696 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,880 psi | 88% | 2723 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,821 psi | 87% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,937 psi | 87% | 2700 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,604 psi | 86% | 2674 fps | 97.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,127 psi | 89% | 2746 fps | 97.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,691 psi | 86% | 2703 fps | 97.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,459 psi | 86% | 2762 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,806 psi | 85% | 2730 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,547 psi | 89% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,922 psi | 85% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,881 psi | 90% | 2690 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,894 psi | 87% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2697 fps | 98.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,908 psi | 87% | 2730 fps | 97.8% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,460 psi | 89% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,837 psi | 90% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,126 psi | 87% | 2743 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,678 psi | 90% | 2795 fps | 96.2% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,630 psi | 79% | 2795 fps | 96.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,417 psi | 89% | 2808 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,445 psi | 88% | 2766 fps | 99.9% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 96% | 51,082 psi | 87% | 2802 fps | 98.5% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,504 psi | 89% | 2730 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,315 psi | 89% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,318 psi | 62% | 1739 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,736 psi | 90% | 2743 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,156 psi | 89% | 2818 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,721 psi | 88% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,997 psi | 90% | 2841 fps | 99.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,344 psi | 89% | 2867 fps | 99.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,011 psi | 90% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,793 psi | 88% | 2743 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 905ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,066 psi | 84% | 2762 fps | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,953 psi | 88% | 2723 fps | 97.3% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,024 psi | 85% | 2697 fps | 98.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,922 psi | 85% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,894 psi | 87% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,908 psi | 87% | 2730 fps | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,038 psi | 85% | 2749 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,850 psi | 87% | 2703 fps | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,938 psi | 88% | 2733 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,444 psi | 86% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 50,734 psi | 86% | 2605 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,966 psi | 85% | 2648 fps | 97.4% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,937 psi | 85% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,705 psi | 86% | 2700 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 90% | 52,199 psi | 89% | 2743 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 98% | 50,386 psi | 86% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,864 psi | 85% | 2743 fps | 96.9% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 82% | 50,821 psi | 87% | 2592 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,721 psi | 90% | 2674 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,966 psi | 85% | 2641 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,082 psi | 85% | 2674 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,372 psi | 87% | 2753 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,634 psi | 90% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 86% | 51,547 psi | 88% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 50,241 psi | 86% | 2753 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,977 psi | 78% | 2746 fps | 99.4% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 94% | 51,242 psi | 87% | 2730 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,837 psi | 90% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 52,518 psi | 89% | 2815 fps | 98% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,318 psi | 64% | 2690 fps | 99.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 84% | 51,837 psi | 88% | 2743 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,034 psi | 75% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 45,832 psi | 78% | 2579 fps | 95.6% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 38,145 psi | 65% | 2533 fps | 95.5% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,626 psi | 71% | 2546 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 32,924 psi | 56% | 2434 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,181 psi | 80% | 2657 fps | 99.7% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,219 psi | 68% | 2513 fps | 98.3% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,298 psi | 82% | 2736 fps | 95.1% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,255 psi | 84% | 2664 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,178 psi | 74% | 2700 fps | 98.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,109 psi | 82% | 2736 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,109 psi | 82% | 2736 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,972 psi | 68% | 2536 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,830 psi | 73% | 2598 fps | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | 42.5 gr | 82% | 32,982 psi | 56% | 2444 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,577 psi | 59% | 2513 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 98% | 47,427 psi | 81% | 2730 fps | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 88% | 28,645 psi | 49% | 2352 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 92% | 35,360 psi | 60% | 2589 fps | 95.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,398 psi | 79% | 2664 fps | 99.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,871 psi | 68% | 2546 fps | 99.4% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 43,236 psi | 74% | 2566 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,443 psi | 82% | 2687 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,408 psi | 69% | 2543 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,234 psi | 68% | 2592 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 46,717 psi | 80% | 2671 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,630 psi | 81% | 2667 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,485 psi | 48% | 2293 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,758 psi | 74% | 2644 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,627 psi | 73% | 2664 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,760 psi | 46% | 1519 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,745 psi | 78% | 2621 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,688 psi | 81% | 2657 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,264 psi | 72% | 2549 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,498 psi | 76% | 2566 fps | 96.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 43,439 psi | 74% | 2595 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 42,076 psi | 72% | 2546 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,952 psi | 54% | 2392 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,874 psi | 75% | 2628 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,255 psi | 84% | 2664 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,688 psi | 79% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,789 psi | 80% | 2589 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,032 psi | 72% | 2546 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,854 psi | 63% | 2444 fps | 95.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,711 psi | 68% | 2523 fps | 95% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,282 psi | 79% | 2612 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,586 psi | 79% | 2615 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,177 psi | 72% | 2585 fps | 99.2% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,255 psi | 84% | 2736 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 43,642 psi | 74% | 2736 fps | 95.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,156 psi | 56% | 2434 fps | 95.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,959 psi | 71% | 2602 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot Hunter | 48.4 gr | 88% | 39,320 psi | 67% | 2579 fps | 95.7% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,052 psi | 84% | 2674 fps | 98.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,820 psi | 83% | 2694 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,977 psi | 46% | 1552 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,756 psi | 69% | 2526 fps | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,469 psi | 77% | 2703 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,811 psi | 63% | 2575 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 82% | 32,663 psi | 56% | 2448 fps | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 48.8 gr | 86% | 37,217 psi | 63% | 2566 fps | 96% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,063 psi | 75% | 2566 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,333 psi | 64% | 2487 fps | 98.8% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 98% | 46,093 psi | 78% | 2710 fps | 95% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 86% | 43,236 psi | 74% | 2566 fps | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,854 psi | 63% | 2444 fps | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,688 psi | 79% | 2638 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,032 psi | 72% | 2546 fps | 99.7% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,711 psi | 68% | 2523 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,392 psi | 65% | 2536 fps | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,616 psi | 81% | 2651 fps | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,643 psi | 78% | 2628 fps | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,471 psi | 81% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,668 psi | 68% | 2428 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 41,191 psi | 70% | 2493 fps | 95.3% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,123 psi | 80% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,239 psi | 80% | 2644 fps | 99.7% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,203 psi | 65% | 2493 fps | 98.8% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,891 psi | 47% | 2333 fps | 96.9% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 43,888 psi | 75% | 2638 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,848 psi | 81% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,743 psi | 74% | 2543 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,034 psi | 75% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,216 psi | 62% | 2428 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,343 psi | 55% | 2382 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,545 psi | 84% | 2661 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,482 psi | 72% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 82% | 34,011 psi | 58% | 2434 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 88% | 30,908 psi | 53% | 2425 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,981 psi | 54% | 2356 fps | 97.3% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,429 psi | 84% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,234 psi | 68% | 2592 fps | 95% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 92% | 28,834 psi | 49% | 2434 fps | 96% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,223 psi | 77% | 2635 fps | 99.8% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .280 Rem. loaded with the .284 | 150gr | RWS Speed Tip Professional. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,877 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,696 fps to 2,877 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (405 MPa), the top charges use 61–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 150.0 gr projectile in 0.284" calls for a 1:10.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, Alliant Power Pro Varmint reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Reloder-16, ReloadSwiss RS 70, Ramshot Hunter rank at the top here: for .280 Rem. with the .284 | 150gr | RWS Speed Tip Professional they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.