Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .277 Fury Commercial with .277 | 150gr | NorthFork Bonded Core bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 20"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,911 psi | 87% | 2434 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,710 psi | 90% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,738 psi | 88% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,592 psi | 87% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,434 psi | 88% | 2526 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,253 psi | 75% | 2474 fps | 97.2% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,447 psi | 86% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,853 psi | 87% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,072 psi | 90% | 2552 fps | 99.5% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,665 psi | 87% | 2503 fps | 98.9% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,187 psi | 87% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,420 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,289 psi | 89% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,621 psi | 87% | 2559 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,724 psi | 90% | 2654 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,012 psi | 86% | 2523 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,708 psi | 87% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,723 psi | 87% | 2539 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,137 psi | 75% | 2484 fps | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,447 psi | 86% | 2625 fps | 99.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,594 psi | 90% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,898 psi | 90% | 2569 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,157 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,317 psi | 88% | 2464 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,027 psi | 87% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,359 psi | 85% | 2575 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,971 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,665 psi | 87% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,593 psi | 88% | 2543 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,157 psi | 86% | 2520 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,134 psi | 68% | 2379 fps | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,449 psi | 89% | 2592 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,809 psi | 55% | 1499 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,637 psi | 88% | 2523 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,797 psi | 90% | 2549 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,099 psi | 86% | 2490 fps | 99% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,969 psi | 87% | 2474 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,940 psi | 87% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduronᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,029 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,020 psi | 71% | 2425 fps | 96.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,072 psi | 89% | 2569 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,420 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,681 psi | 90% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,260 psi | 89% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,838 psi | 85% | 2448 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,666 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,388 psi | 83% | 2474 fps | 96.8% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,811 psi | 88% | 2507 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,188 psi | 89% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,867 psi | 85% | 2530 fps | 99.3% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,297 psi | 75% | 2474 fps | 97.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,331 psi | 86% | 2556 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,884 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,202 psi | 89% | 2549 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,099 psi | 86% | 2470 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,302 psi | 56% | 1539 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,275 psi | 89% | 2503 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,144 psi | 89% | 2526 fps | 96.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,679 psi | 87% | 2598 fps | 99% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,085 psi | 86% | 2628 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,891 psi | 74% | 2493 fps | 96.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,979 psi | 76% | 2507 fps | 96% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,898 psi | 90% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,956 psi | 89% | 2500 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,012 psi | 86% | 2526 fps | 99.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,388 psi | 83% | 2474 fps | 96.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,260 psi | 89% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,666 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,072 psi | 89% | 2477 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,172 psi | 87% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,898 psi | 89% | 2582 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,811 psi | 88% | 2461 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,897 psi | 87% | 2503 fps | 97.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,448 psi | 88% | 2530 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,433 psi | 86% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,099 psi | 86% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,983 psi | 86% | 2500 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,913 psi | 90% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,244 psi | 86% | 2500 fps | 99.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,288 psi | 86% | 2520 fps | 99.5% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,076 psi | 67% | 2425 fps | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,433 psi | 86% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,418 psi | 86% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,085 psi | 87% | 2474 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,753 psi | 90% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,289 psi | 89% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,748 psi | 79% | 2474 fps | 97.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,072 psi | 90% | 2516 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,665 psi | 87% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,805 psi | 77% | 2477 fps | 97.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,981 psi | 81% | 2467 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,405 psi | 89% | 2559 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,100 psi | 87% | 2536 fps | 99.6% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 20"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,873 psi | 68% | 2267 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,557 psi | 74% | 2359 fps | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,389 psi | 56% | 2185 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,597 psi | 66% | 2313 fps | 99.5% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,460 psi | 53% | 2169 fps | 98.8% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,147 psi | 65% | 2372 fps | 95.6% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,155 psi | 81% | 2339 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,547 psi | 82% | 2362 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,378 psi | 62% | 2270 fps | 96.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 37,898 psi | 60% | 2224 fps | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,329 psi | 81% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,365 psi | 66% | 2283 fps | 98.2% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,437 psi | 64% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,964 psi | 76% | 2461 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 35.9 gr | 84% | 40,495 psi | 64% | 2379 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,721 psi | 52% | 2152 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,515 psi | 77% | 2356 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,550 psi | 60% | 2254 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,655 psi | 66% | 2382 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 36,492 psi | 58% | 2303 fps | 95.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,009 psi | 79% | 2336 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,828 psi | 65% | 2316 fps | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,836 psi | 50% | 2142 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,352 psi | 69% | 2283 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,552 psi | 63% | 2297 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,352 psi | 69% | 2415 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,934 psi | 74% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,863 psi | 76% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,062 psi | 68% | 2349 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,639 psi | 63% | 2280 fps | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 35,868 psi | 57% | 2241 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,404 psi | 56% | 2241 fps | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,875 psi | 41% | 1339 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,159 psi | 60% | 2238 fps | 96.7% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,667 psi | 61% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,318 psi | 59% | 2211 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,285 psi | 81% | 2418 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,052 psi | 78% | 2323 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,679 psi | 85% | 2480 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 39,537 psi | 63% | 2326 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,056 psi | 57% | 2231 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,365 psi | 66% | 2283 fps | 98.2% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,195 psi | 73% | 2359 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,840 psi | 60% | 2254 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,914 psi | 63% | 2221 fps | 96.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,824 psi | 55% | 2169 fps | 96.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 46,659 psi | 74% | 2385 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,595 psi | 61% | 2231 fps | 97.7% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,754 psi | 61% | 2247 fps | 99.4% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,621 psi | 55% | 2195 fps | 95% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,640 psi | 66% | 2375 fps | 95.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,230 psi | 57% | 2247 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 44,077 psi | 70% | 2329 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,350 psi | 64% | 2297 fps | 96.7% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,498 psi | 71% | 2323 fps | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,092 psi | 41% | 1368 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,267 psi | 73% | 2362 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,661 psi | 79% | 2431 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 34 gr | 82% | 38,957 psi | 62% | 2339 fps | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 33.6 gr | 80% | 29,907 psi | 47% | 2152 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 40,930 psi | 65% | 2385 fps | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,049 psi | 71% | 2457 fps | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,453 psi | 67% | 2280 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,622 psi | 58% | 2185 fps | 97.1% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,185 psi | 54% | 2192 fps | 95.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 46,659 psi | 74% | 2385 fps | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,840 psi | 60% | 2254 fps | 98.9% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,824 psi | 55% | 2169 fps | 96.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,037 psi | 78% | 2379 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,880 psi | 82% | 2451 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 35,534 psi | 56% | 2238 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,950 psi | 78% | 2369 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 41,974 psi | 67% | 2303 fps | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,724 psi | 60% | 2238 fps | 96% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,074 psi | 64% | 2205 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,953 psi | 52% | 2083 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,208 psi | 70% | 2352 fps | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,711 psi | 63% | 2208 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,754 psi | 61% | 2251 fps | 96.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,272 psi | 53% | 2156 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 90% | 30,690 psi | 49% | 2175 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,382 psi | 72% | 2270 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,219 psi | 64% | 2205 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,563 psi | 56% | 2185 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,390 psi | 58% | 2188 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,428 psi | 47% | 2054 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,046 psi | 65% | 2329 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,104 psi | 65% | 2277 fps | 98.3% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,128 psi | 56% | 2175 fps | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 42,685 psi | 68% | 2375 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,374 psi | 54% | 2172 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,277 psi | 64% | 2316 fps | 98.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,883 psi | 58% | 2238 fps | 96.4% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for .277 Fury Commercial loaded with the .277 | 150gr | NorthFork Bonded Core. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,654 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,499 fps to 2,654 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (435 MPa), the top charges use 55–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 150.0 gr projectile in 0.277" calls for a 1:10.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-17 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .277 Fury Commercial with the .277 | 150gr | NorthFork Bonded Core they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.