Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .277 Fury Commercial with .277 | 150gr | Hornady Interbond bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 20"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,520 psi | 86% | 2431 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,681 psi | 90% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,796 psi | 88% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,650 psi | 87% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,013 psi | 87% | 2523 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,311 psi | 75% | 2477 fps | 97.2% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,491 psi | 86% | 2385 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,882 psi | 87% | 2405 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,751 psi | 85% | 2510 fps | 99.2% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,708 psi | 87% | 2507 fps | 98.9% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,752 psi | 87% | 2487 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,391 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,347 psi | 89% | 2500 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,636 psi | 87% | 2562 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,347 psi | 89% | 2651 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,058 psi | 90% | 2566 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,752 psi | 87% | 2438 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,781 psi | 87% | 2543 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,789 psi | 74% | 2477 fps | 97.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,041 psi | 86% | 2621 fps | 99.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,623 psi | 90% | 2421 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,869 psi | 90% | 2569 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,128 psi | 86% | 2536 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,926 psi | 87% | 2457 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,042 psi | 87% | 2539 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,359 psi | 85% | 2575 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,014 psi | 90% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,708 psi | 87% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,608 psi | 88% | 2543 fps | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,201 psi | 86% | 2520 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,134 psi | 68% | 2379 fps | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,492 psi | 90% | 2595 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 34,824 psi | 55% | 1499 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,695 psi | 88% | 2523 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,840 psi | 90% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,143 psi | 86% | 2490 fps | 99% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,534 psi | 86% | 2467 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,969 psi | 87% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduronᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 57,072 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,034 psi | 71% | 2425 fps | 96.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,115 psi | 89% | 2569 fps | 99.5% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,391 psi | 89% | 2516 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,739 psi | 90% | 2510 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,318 psi | 89% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,882 psi | 85% | 2448 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,681 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,431 psi | 83% | 2474 fps | 96.8% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,869 psi | 89% | 2510 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,231 psi | 89% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,838 psi | 85% | 2530 fps | 99.3% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,340 psi | 75% | 2474 fps | 97.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,969 psi | 86% | 2549 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,855 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,260 psi | 89% | 2549 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,143 psi | 86% | 2474 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,317 psi | 56% | 1539 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,318 psi | 89% | 2507 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,188 psi | 89% | 2526 fps | 96.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,723 psi | 87% | 2602 fps | 99% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,143 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,949 psi | 74% | 2493 fps | 96.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,037 psi | 76% | 2510 fps | 96.1% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,942 psi | 90% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,956 psi | 89% | 2500 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,056 psi | 86% | 2530 fps | 99.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,431 psi | 83% | 2474 fps | 96.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,318 psi | 89% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,681 psi | 90% | 2530 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,130 psi | 89% | 2480 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,143 psi | 87% | 2497 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,869 psi | 89% | 2585 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,361 psi | 88% | 2454 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,911 psi | 87% | 2507 fps | 97.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,492 psi | 88% | 2530 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,491 psi | 86% | 2418 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,099 psi | 86% | 2415 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,027 psi | 86% | 2500 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,971 psi | 90% | 2461 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,288 psi | 86% | 2500 fps | 99.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,346 psi | 86% | 2523 fps | 99.5% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,134 psi | 67% | 2425 fps | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,404 psi | 86% | 2392 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,447 psi | 86% | 2408 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,129 psi | 87% | 2477 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,724 psi | 90% | 2493 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,304 psi | 89% | 2513 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,792 psi | 79% | 2477 fps | 97.5% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,621 psi | 85% | 2470 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,708 psi | 87% | 2490 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,849 psi | 77% | 2477 fps | 97.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,575 psi | 80% | 2464 fps | 99.2% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,376 psi | 89% | 2562 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,114 psi | 87% | 2536 fps | 99.6% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 20"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,902 psi | 68% | 2270 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,557 psi | 74% | 2359 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,375 psi | 56% | 2188 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,568 psi | 66% | 2313 fps | 99.5% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 33,460 psi | 53% | 2172 fps | 98.8% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,191 psi | 65% | 2375 fps | 95.7% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,184 psi | 81% | 2343 fps | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,590 psi | 82% | 2362 fps | 100% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,349 psi | 62% | 2270 fps | 96.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 37,927 psi | 60% | 2228 fps | 95.3% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,343 psi | 81% | 2441 fps | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,394 psi | 66% | 2287 fps | 98.3% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,437 psi | 64% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,993 psi | 76% | 2461 fps | 99% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 35.9 gr | 84% | 40,480 psi | 64% | 2379 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,489 psi | 51% | 2149 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,530 psi | 77% | 2356 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,594 psi | 60% | 2254 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,655 psi | 66% | 2385 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 36,535 psi | 58% | 2306 fps | 95.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,009 psi | 79% | 2339 fps | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,828 psi | 65% | 2316 fps | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,836 psi | 50% | 2146 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,381 psi | 69% | 2283 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,581 psi | 63% | 2297 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,395 psi | 69% | 2415 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,963 psi | 74% | 2379 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,892 psi | 76% | 2402 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,743 psi | 68% | 2343 fps | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,682 psi | 63% | 2280 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 35,911 psi | 57% | 2241 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,418 psi | 56% | 2244 fps | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,889 psi | 41% | 1339 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,189 psi | 61% | 2241 fps | 96.8% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,667 psi | 61% | 2287 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,347 psi | 59% | 2211 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,329 psi | 81% | 2421 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,081 psi | 78% | 2326 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,650 psi | 85% | 2484 fps | 95.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 39,508 psi | 63% | 2329 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,085 psi | 57% | 2231 fps | 95.6% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,394 psi | 66% | 2287 fps | 98.3% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,238 psi | 73% | 2362 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,579 psi | 60% | 2251 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,929 psi | 63% | 2221 fps | 96.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,853 psi | 55% | 2172 fps | 96.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 46,325 psi | 73% | 2379 fps | 95.4% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,638 psi | 61% | 2234 fps | 97.7% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,450 psi | 61% | 2244 fps | 99.4% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,664 psi | 55% | 2195 fps | 95% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,684 psi | 66% | 2375 fps | 95.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 36,230 psi | 57% | 2247 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 46,789 psi | 74% | 2379 fps | 95.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,379 psi | 64% | 2300 fps | 96.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,541 psi | 71% | 2326 fps | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,107 psi | 41% | 1371 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,296 psi | 73% | 2362 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,632 psi | 79% | 2431 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 33.9 gr | 82% | 38,667 psi | 61% | 2333 fps | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 33.6 gr | 80% | 29,921 psi | 47% | 2152 fps | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 40,944 psi | 65% | 2388 fps | 95.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 44,744 psi | 71% | 2451 fps | 95.1% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,467 psi | 67% | 2283 fps | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,608 psi | 58% | 2188 fps | 97.2% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,200 psi | 54% | 2192 fps | 95.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 46,325 psi | 73% | 2379 fps | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,579 psi | 60% | 2251 fps | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,853 psi | 55% | 2172 fps | 96.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,066 psi | 78% | 2382 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,880 psi | 82% | 2454 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 35,534 psi | 56% | 2238 fps | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,994 psi | 78% | 2372 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 42,003 psi | 67% | 2303 fps | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,724 psi | 60% | 2238 fps | 96% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,045 psi | 63% | 2205 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,982 psi | 52% | 2083 fps | 99.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,251 psi | 70% | 2352 fps | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,755 psi | 63% | 2211 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,783 psi | 61% | 2254 fps | 96.3% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,286 psi | 53% | 2159 fps | 95.1% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 90% | 30,719 psi | 49% | 2178 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,411 psi | 72% | 2274 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,219 psi | 64% | 2208 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,592 psi | 56% | 2185 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,434 psi | 58% | 2188 fps | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 29,457 psi | 47% | 2054 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 41,075 psi | 65% | 2333 fps | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,147 psi | 65% | 2277 fps | 98.3% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,143 psi | 56% | 2175 fps | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 42,728 psi | 68% | 2375 fps | 95.6% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 88% | 34,374 psi | 54% | 2172 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,306 psi | 64% | 2316 fps | 98.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,912 psi | 59% | 2241 fps | 96.5% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 93 powders for .277 Fury Commercial loaded with the .277 | 150gr | Hornady Interbond. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,651 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,499 fps to 2,651 fps. Accurate 4350 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 93 of the 93 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (435 MPa), the top charges use 55–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 150.0 gr projectile in 0.277" calls for a 1:9.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-17 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .277 Fury Commercial with the .277 | 150gr | Hornady Interbond they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.