Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .270 Win. with .277 | 130gr | Brenneke TAG bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance and Alliant Reloder-17.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,868 psi | 88% | 2828 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,896 psi | 86% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,303 psi | 89% | 2917 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,246 psi | 90% | 2907 fps | 97.4% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 44,657 psi | 72% | 2802 fps | 96.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,070 psi | 87% | 2904 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,070 psi | 87% | 2989 fps | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,114 psi | 87% | 2933 fps | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,042 psi | 88% | 2933 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,026 psi | 85% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,070 psi | 87% | 2858 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,824 psi | 86% | 3051 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,419 psi | 89% | 2956 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,898 psi | 90% | 2979 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,085 psi | 88% | 3048 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,333 psi | 90% | 3081 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,264 psi | 68% | 2831 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,863 psi | 77% | 3009 fps | 98.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,809 psi | 86% | 2943 fps | 99.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,043 psi | 90% | 2972 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,840 psi | 90% | 2943 fps | 97.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,563 psi | 87% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,072 psi | 90% | 2963 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,171 psi | 85% | 2927 fps | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,026 psi | 85% | 2979 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,534 psi | 86% | 2943 fps | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,708 psi | 88% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,027 psi | 88% | 2972 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,302 psi | 87% | 2976 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,374 psi | 86% | 3015 fps | 97.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,679 psi | 57% | 1818 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,680 psi | 89% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,795 psi | 88% | 2927 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,447 psi | 87% | 2913 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,172 psi | 87% | 2894 fps | 97.8% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,347 psi | 90% | 2969 fps | 97.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 2923 fps | 97.8% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,404 psi | 87% | 2979 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,838 psi | 86% | 2956 fps | 100% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,026 psi | 85% | 2881 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,012 psi | 87% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,374 psi | 86% | 2858 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 2910 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,998 psi | 87% | 2917 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,868 psi | 88% | 2953 fps | 98.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,086 psi | 90% | 2927 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,359 psi | 86% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,114 psi | 88% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,330 psi | 86% | 2963 fps | 95.9% |
| Norma MRPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,384 psi | 76% | 2959 fps | 96.4% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,982 psi | 85% | 2976 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,564 psi | 89% | 2989 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,506 psi | 89% | 3028 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,026 psi | 85% | 2897 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,275 psi | 90% | 2969 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,303 psi | 58% | 1864 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,374 psi | 86% | 2910 fps | 98.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,823 psi | 85% | 2992 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,217 psi | 90% | 3084 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,708 psi | 86% | 3009 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,171 psi | 85% | 3038 fps | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,795 psi | 86% | 2858 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,490 psi | 86% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,912 psi | 90% | 2966 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,840 psi | 90% | 2943 fps | 97.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,998 psi | 87% | 2917 fps | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,012 psi | 87% | 2907 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,389 psi | 87% | 2910 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,868 psi | 88% | 2953 fps | 98.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,085 psi | 87% | 2972 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,085 psi | 88% | 2930 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,854 psi | 90% | 2953 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,925 psi | 86% | 2812 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,549 psi | 87% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,954 psi | 87% | 2867 fps | 97.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,432 psi | 86% | 2812 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,839 psi | 88% | 2923 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,202 psi | 90% | 2963 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 54,853 psi | 88% | 3031 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 50,807 psi | 81% | 2910 fps | 96.6% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,288 psi | 87% | 2799 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,345 psi | 86% | 2841 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,766 psi | 86% | 2854 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,983 psi | 87% | 2887 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,492 psi | 89% | 2972 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,127 psi | 85% | 2877 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,463 psi | 89% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,375 psi | 87% | 2972 fps | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,818 psi | 75% | 2910 fps | 99.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,463 psi | 89% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 82% | 53,519 psi | 86% | 2930 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,301 psi | 85% | 2986 fps | 97.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,956 psi | 61% | 2844 fps | 99.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,782 psi | 89% | 2959 fps | 100% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,445 psi | 82% | 2779 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,440 psi | 71% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,561 psi | 83% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 46,079 psi | 74% | 2733 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 38,885 psi | 62% | 2687 fps | 95.1% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,018 psi | 67% | 2703 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,402 psi | 54% | 2579 fps | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,485 psi | 76% | 2818 fps | 99.5% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,321 psi | 65% | 2664 fps | 97.9% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,530 psi | 79% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,517 psi | 81% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,540 psi | 70% | 2858 fps | 98.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,292 psi | 65% | 2687 fps | 99.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,149 psi | 69% | 2753 fps | 98.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,417 psi | 54% | 2592 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 46.4 gr | 80% | 34,925 psi | 56% | 2661 fps | 97.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 90% | 30,937 psi | 50% | 2549 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 92% | 35,882 psi | 58% | 2736 fps | 95.4% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,992 psi | 75% | 2828 fps | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,132 psi | 64% | 2694 fps | 99.2% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 46,456 psi | 74% | 2779 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,314 psi | 82% | 2812 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,849 psi | 78% | 2851 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,886 psi | 66% | 2697 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,424 psi | 70% | 2802 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 50,270 psi | 81% | 2887 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,935 psi | 77% | 2831 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,790 psi | 46% | 2431 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,237 psi | 71% | 2805 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | 55.2 gr | 90% | 46,340 psi | 74% | 2884 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,629 psi | 43% | 1627 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,021 psi | 74% | 2782 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,182 psi | 77% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,366 psi | 68% | 2700 fps | 98.5% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,991 psi | 72% | 2723 fps | 95.8% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,702 psi | 75% | 2805 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 45,194 psi | 72% | 2756 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,606 psi | 55% | 2592 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,179 psi | 71% | 2785 fps | 99.2% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,530 psi | 79% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,152 psi | 76% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,152 psi | 76% | 2753 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,409 psi | 68% | 2703 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,318 psi | 60% | 2592 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,627 psi | 68% | 2730 fps | 95.4% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,659 psi | 75% | 2772 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,963 psi | 75% | 2776 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,511 psi | 68% | 2743 fps | 98.9% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,980 psi | 80% | 2904 fps | 95% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 44,382 psi | 71% | 2897 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 82% | 33,620 psi | 54% | 2582 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,279 psi | 68% | 2756 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,929 psi | 64% | 2736 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,617 psi | 80% | 2838 fps | 98.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,443 psi | 79% | 2861 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,035 psi | 43% | 1667 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,118 psi | 66% | 2677 fps | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,992 psi | 74% | 2867 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,144 psi | 60% | 2726 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 84% | 35,418 psi | 57% | 2651 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 50.7 gr | 86% | 37,753 psi | 61% | 2720 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,531 psi | 81% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,483 psi | 71% | 2723 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,884 psi | 61% | 2638 fps | 98.5% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 88% | 46,456 psi | 74% | 2779 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 37,318 psi | 60% | 2592 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,152 psi | 76% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,409 psi | 68% | 2703 fps | 99.6% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 42,627 psi | 68% | 2730 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,798 psi | 62% | 2687 fps | 98.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,254 psi | 77% | 2815 fps | 98.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,093 psi | 74% | 2789 fps | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,630 psi | 76% | 2717 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,871 psi | 64% | 2579 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,469 psi | 71% | 2700 fps | 95.7% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,471 psi | 76% | 2720 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,819 psi | 77% | 2805 fps | 99.5% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,537 psi | 62% | 2641 fps | 98.5% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,123 psi | 45% | 2470 fps | 96.4% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 44,599 psi | 72% | 2795 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,037 psi | 77% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,976 psi | 71% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,657 psi | 72% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,753 psi | 59% | 2579 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,056 psi | 56% | 2585 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,821 psi | 80% | 2825 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,960 psi | 69% | 2697 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 82% | 34,403 psi | 55% | 2579 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 88% | 31,430 psi | 50% | 2572 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,387 psi | 52% | 2497 fps | 96.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,893 psi | 80% | 2871 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 88% | 43,700 psi | 70% | 2808 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 92% | 29,182 psi | 47% | 2569 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,614 psi | 73% | 2792 fps | 99.6% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 113 powders for .270 Win. loaded with the .277 | 130gr | Brenneke TAG. ReloadSwiss RS 60 delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,084 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,818 fps to 3,084 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 113 of the 113 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (430 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 130.0 gr projectile in 0.277" calls for a 1:10.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, ADI AR 2213 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Hodgdon Superformance, Alliant Reloder-17 rank at the top here: for .270 Win. with the .277 | 130gr | Brenneke TAG they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. As outliers, ADI AR 2213, Alliant Reloder-22, Alliant Reloder-25 burn incompletely and react more sensitively to barrel length and temperature. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.