Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .244 Rem. with .243 | 90gr | SUS-TAC HPT bullet and 94 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17 and Winchester 760.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
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You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,637 psi | 89% | 3012 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,897 psi | 88% | 3038 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 52,620 psi | 84% | 3048 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,838 psi | 86% | 3025 fps | 96.1% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,636 psi | 88% | 3084 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,708 psi | 88% | 3166 fps | 99.3% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,897 psi | 88% | 3114 fps | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,144 psi | 90% | 3117 fps | 99.7% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,780 psi | 86% | 3061 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,650 psi | 88% | 3041 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,621 psi | 88% | 3238 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,144 psi | 90% | 3140 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,200 psi | 85% | 3104 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,637 psi | 89% | 3225 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,679 psi | 86% | 3212 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 39,943 psi | 64% | 2930 fps | 98.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,034 psi | 72% | 3107 fps | 97.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,911 psi | 88% | 3130 fps | 99.4% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 53,229 psi | 85% | 3100 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,519 psi | 86% | 3064 fps | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,651 psi | 89% | 3051 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,534 psi | 86% | 3094 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,230 psi | 89% | 3196 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,056 psi | 87% | 3107 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,795 psi | 86% | 3156 fps | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,520 psi | 87% | 3120 fps | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,434 psi | 89% | 3127 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 52,243 psi | 84% | 3097 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,984 psi | 88% | 3159 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,607 psi | 88% | 3196 fps | 96.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,404 psi | 57% | 1932 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,287 psi | 85% | 3074 fps | 99.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,724 psi | 89% | 3117 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,405 psi | 89% | 3097 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,535 psi | 89% | 3074 fps | 97.3% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,867 psi | 86% | 3087 fps | 96.5% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,506 psi | 89% | 3100 fps | 97.2% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,201 psi | 89% | 3156 fps | 99.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,563 psi | 87% | 3140 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,780 psi | 86% | 3061 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,940 psi | 88% | 3094 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,447 psi | 87% | 3041 fps | 99.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,332 psi | 89% | 3094 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,708 psi | 88% | 3091 fps | 98.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,593 psi | 89% | 3123 fps | 97.6% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,751 psi | 86% | 3061 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,259 psi | 87% | 3061 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,970 psi | 90% | 3150 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,534 psi | 86% | 3150 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 52,852 psi | 85% | 3114 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunterᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 56,072 psi | 90% | 3202 fps | 98.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,099 psi | 87% | 3074 fps | 98.4% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 53,983 psi | 87% | 3104 fps | 99.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,795 psi | 88% | 3064 fps | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,926 psi | 58% | 1978 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 54,592 psi | 88% | 3091 fps | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,737 psi | 86% | 3179 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,069 psi | 85% | 3209 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,607 psi | 88% | 3189 fps | 99.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 53,983 psi | 87% | 3212 fps | 98.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,694 psi | 88% | 3045 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,215 psi | 87% | 3058 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,098 psi | 85% | 3091 fps | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 53,519 psi | 86% | 3064 fps | 96.4% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,708 psi | 88% | 3091 fps | 98.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,940 psi | 88% | 3094 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,332 psi | 89% | 3094 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,593 psi | 89% | 3123 fps | 97.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 54,998 psi | 88% | 3156 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 52,533 psi | 84% | 3051 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,577 psi | 86% | 3084 fps | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,288 psi | 89% | 3002 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,622 psi | 89% | 2995 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,998 psi | 88% | 3038 fps | 97.2% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,158 psi | 88% | 3100 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 54,578 psi | 88% | 2995 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,956 psi | 90% | 3104 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 53,592 psi | 86% | 3091 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 51,503 psi | 83% | 3153 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 54,839 psi | 88% | 2959 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,521 psi | 89% | 2986 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 88% | 53,983 psi | 87% | 3025 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 54,911 psi | 88% | 3041 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 54,984 psi | 88% | 3068 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,260 psi | 90% | 3150 fps | 99.4% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,636 psi | 88% | 3068 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,391 psi | 90% | 3084 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,143 psi | 88% | 3153 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,888 psi | 70% | 3015 fps | 98.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 52,837 psi | 85% | 3068 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 54,505 psi | 87% | 3117 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 54,186 psi | 87% | 3163 fps | 97.2% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,853 psi | 57% | 2920 fps | 98% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 53,403 psi | 86% | 3091 fps | 99.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,443 psi | 79% | 2917 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,974 psi | 67% | 2828 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,211 psi | 79% | 2992 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,488 psi | 81% | 2966 fps | 95.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,668 psi | 64% | 2818 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,868 psi | 58% | 2789 fps | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,513 psi | 73% | 2943 fps | 98.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,769 psi | 62% | 2779 fps | 96.7% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,543 psi | 76% | 2953 fps | 99.7% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,805 psi | 77% | 2940 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,495 psi | 67% | 2969 fps | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,305 psi | 61% | 2799 fps | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,220 psi | 66% | 2871 fps | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 86% | 35,868 psi | 58% | 2802 fps | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 36.9 gr | 80% | 33,141 psi | 53% | 2756 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 94% | 33,040 psi | 53% | 2749 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 39,015 psi | 63% | 2963 fps | 95.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,904 psi | 72% | 2946 fps | 97.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,174 psi | 61% | 2805 fps | 98.2% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,125 psi | 80% | 3002 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,356 psi | 79% | 2946 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,630 psi | 75% | 2976 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,648 psi | 83% | 3136 fps | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,015 psi | 63% | 2808 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,050 psi | 75% | 3031 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 51,097 psi | 82% | 3061 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,948 psi | 74% | 2956 fps | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 84% | 30,908 psi | 50% | 2631 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,076 psi | 67% | 2923 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,413 psi | 76% | 3054 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,527 psi | 43% | 1732 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,092 psi | 71% | 2904 fps | 99% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,614 psi | 73% | 2953 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,712 psi | 65% | 2818 fps | 97.5% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 45,847 psi | 74% | 2894 fps | 95.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 50,502 psi | 81% | 3028 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,832 psi | 73% | 2920 fps | 95% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 37,289 psi | 60% | 2805 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,221 psi | 68% | 2904 fps | 98.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,543 psi | 76% | 2953 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,918 psi | 72% | 2923 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,281 psi | 73% | 2874 fps | 98.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,422 psi | 65% | 2818 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,161 psi | 64% | 2805 fps | 95% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,064 psi | 74% | 2953 fps | 95.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,454 psi | 71% | 2890 fps | 99.5% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,802 psi | 72% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,582 psi | 65% | 2858 fps | 97.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 36,114 psi | 58% | 2792 fps | 95% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,234 psi | 65% | 2871 fps | 97.7% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,149 psi | 69% | 2956 fps | 95.4% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,369 psi | 76% | 2953 fps | 97.2% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,094 psi | 76% | 2979 fps | 99.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,488 psi | 83% | 3009 fps | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,789 psi | 43% | 1772 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 44,686 psi | 72% | 2907 fps | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,337 psi | 69% | 2979 fps | 98% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 36.9 gr | 80% | 35,302 psi | 57% | 2831 fps | 99% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 88% | 38,435 psi | 62% | 2874 fps | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 41,118 psi | 66% | 2946 fps | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,428 psi | 78% | 2940 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,322 psi | 68% | 2838 fps | 99.2% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,766 psi | 57% | 2743 fps | 97.3% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,125 psi | 80% | 3002 fps | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,161 psi | 64% | 2805 fps | 95% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,918 psi | 72% | 2923 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,422 psi | 65% | 2818 fps | 98.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,064 psi | 74% | 2953 fps | 95.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,651 psi | 59% | 2792 fps | 96.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,064 psi | 74% | 2930 fps | 97.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,874 psi | 70% | 2904 fps | 98.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,861 psi | 74% | 2848 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,232 psi | 61% | 2700 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 45,324 psi | 73% | 2864 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,735 psi | 83% | 3041 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,382 psi | 73% | 2844 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,701 psi | 73% | 2927 fps | 98.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,535 psi | 59% | 2746 fps | 97.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 82% | 28,442 psi | 46% | 2615 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,721 psi | 83% | 2913 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,209 psi | 74% | 2841 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,959 psi | 67% | 2828 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,453 psi | 68% | 2831 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 34,824 psi | 56% | 2680 fps | 98.1% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,724 psi | 60% | 2795 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,790 psi | 77% | 2953 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,133 psi | 66% | 2818 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 37,405 psi | 60% | 2799 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 92% | 33,707 psi | 54% | 2779 fps | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 30,980 psi | 50% | 2592 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,398 psi | 76% | 2995 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | 41.6 gr | 92% | 47,413 psi | 76% | 3038 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 96% | 31,473 psi | 50% | 2776 fps | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,526 psi | 70% | 2910 fps | 98.9% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 94 powders for .244 Rem. loaded with the .243 | 90gr | SUS-TAC HPT. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,238 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,932 fps to 3,238 fps. Alliant Reloder-16 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 94 of the 94 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (430 MPa), the top charges use 57–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 90.0 gr projectile in 0.243" calls for a 1:8.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Alliant Reloder-16, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-26 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17, Winchester 760 rank at the top here: for .244 Rem. with the .243 | 90gr | SUS-TAC HPT they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.