Load Specifications
Bullet Manufacturer:Berger
Bullet Weight:115 gr
Bullet Diameter:0.243"
Bullet Length:<<locked>>
Caliber:.243 Ackley Improved load data
Case Length (l3):2.045"
Cartridge Length (C.O.L.):<<locked>>
Case Capacity:57 Grains of Water
Primer Size:Large Rifle (LR)
Barrel Length:24"
Max. allowed Pressure:55,259 psi
Recommended Twist Rate:1:7.5
Load data in caliber .243 Ackley Improved with .243 | 115gr | Berger VLD Hunting bullet and 197 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are Alliant Reloder-26, Accurate High Country and Ramshot Grand.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,777 psi | 90% | 2753 fps | 99.6% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,835 psi | 90% | 2753 fps | 99.6% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,616 psi | 86% | 2720 fps | 99.4% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,356 psi | 88% | 2743 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,457 psi | 88% | 2746 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,313 psi | 89% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Accurate High Country | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,326 psi | 86% | 2825 fps | 96.6% |
| Accurate High Country | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,427 psi | 86% | 2828 fps | 96.6% |
| Accurate High Country | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,472 psi | 88% | 2851 fps | 97% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,327 psi | 89% | 2785 fps | 97.8% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,414 psi | 89% | 2785 fps | 97.8% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 90% | 47,282 psi | 86% | 2753 fps | 97.5% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,166 psi | 85% | 2776 fps | 96% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,224 psi | 85% | 2776 fps | 96% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,109 psi | 87% | 2799 fps | 96.5% |
| ADI AR 2225ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,130 psi | 67% | 2615 fps | 96.4% |
| ADI AR 2225ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,159 psi | 67% | 2615 fps | 96.4% |
| ADI AR 2225ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,797 psi | 68% | 2638 fps | 96.8% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,487 psi | 90% | 2782 fps | 97.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,516 psi | 90% | 2785 fps | 97.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 90% | 47,413 psi | 86% | 2753 fps | 97.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,501 psi | 90% | 2802 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,168 psi | 89% | 2799 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,224 psi | 85% | 2769 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 82% | 46,572 psi | 84% | 2762 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,835 psi | 90% | 2815 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,500 psi | 86% | 2782 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,878 psi | 88% | 2776 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,907 psi | 89% | 2776 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,908 psi | 90% | 2799 fps | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,632 psi | 90% | 2835 fps | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,719 psi | 90% | 2835 fps | 98.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,514 psi | 86% | 2802 fps | 97.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 96% | 47,210 psi | 85% | 2772 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 96% | 47,239 psi | 85% | 2772 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,356 psi | 88% | 2795 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,601 psi | 84% | 2812 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,673 psi | 84% | 2812 fps | 99.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,529 psi | 86% | 2831 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,879 psi | 90% | 2900 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,951 psi | 90% | 2897 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,674 psi | 86% | 2864 fps | 100% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,907 psi | 89% | 2818 fps | 97.9% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 48,646 psi | 88% | 2815 fps | 97.8% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 49,966 psi | 90% | 2841 fps | 98.2% |
| Bofors RP30ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 43,598 psi | 79% | 2759 fps | 96.1% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,632 psi | 90% | 2835 fps | 98.1% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,719 psi | 90% | 2835 fps | 98.2% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 47,514 psi | 86% | 2802 fps | 97.8% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,936 psi | 89% | 2697 fps | 98.6% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,979 psi | 89% | 2697 fps | 98.6% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,748 psi | 90% | 2717 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H1000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,282 psi | 84% | 2749 fps | 96.7% |
| Hodgdon H1000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,977 psi | 83% | 2743 fps | 96.6% |
| Hodgdon H1000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,065 psi | 85% | 2772 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,166 psi | 85% | 2736 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,253 psi | 86% | 2740 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,022 psi | 87% | 2756 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,079 psi | 85% | 2697 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,137 psi | 85% | 2700 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,892 psi | 87% | 2720 fps | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,501 psi | 90% | 2762 fps | 96% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,559 psi | 90% | 2762 fps | 96% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,719 psi | 90% | 2733 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,777 psi | 90% | 2733 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 88% | 47,398 psi | 86% | 2700 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,643 psi | 83% | 2851 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,745 psi | 83% | 2854 fps | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,572 psi | 84% | 2877 fps | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,879 psi | 90% | 2818 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,951 psi | 90% | 2822 fps | 99% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,427 psi | 86% | 2782 fps | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,477 psi | 66% | 1742 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,521 psi | 66% | 1742 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 36,593 psi | 66% | 1752 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,864 psi | 90% | 2730 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,951 psi | 90% | 2733 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,630 psi | 86% | 2697 fps | 98.5% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,514 psi | 86% | 2671 fps | 98.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,268 psi | 86% | 2667 fps | 98.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,008 psi | 87% | 2687 fps | 98.8% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,226 psi | 89% | 2743 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 48,921 psi | 89% | 2740 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 86% | 46,992 psi | 85% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,052 psi | 89% | 2720 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,110 psi | 89% | 2720 fps | 96.1% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,995 psi | 90% | 2743 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,037 psi | 87% | 2805 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,138 psi | 87% | 2808 fps | 96.4% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,037 psi | 89% | 2831 fps | 96.8% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,703 psi | 86% | 2671 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,471 psi | 86% | 2667 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,530 psi | 88% | 2694 fps | 99.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,762 psi | 88% | 2713 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,820 psi | 88% | 2713 fps | 99.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,574 psi | 90% | 2730 fps | 99.2% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,587 psi | 86% | 2717 fps | 99.4% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,340 psi | 86% | 2713 fps | 99.4% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,718 psi | 88% | 2740 fps | 99.6% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 86% | 46,992 psi | 85% | 2720 fps | 97.2% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 86% | 46,688 psi | 84% | 2713 fps | 97.1% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,732 psi | 86% | 2740 fps | 97.5% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,182 psi | 89% | 2858 fps | 99.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,863 psi | 88% | 2851 fps | 99.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,731 psi | 85% | 2818 fps | 98.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,558 psi | 86% | 2730 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,645 psi | 86% | 2733 fps | 99.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,443 psi | 88% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 96% | 47,993 psi | 87% | 2815 fps | 96.8% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,066 psi | 87% | 2818 fps | 96.8% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 96% | 49,298 psi | 89% | 2844 fps | 97.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,443 psi | 89% | 2782 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,501 psi | 90% | 2782 fps | 99.5% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,137 psi | 85% | 2746 fps | 99.4% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,458 psi | 90% | 2815 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,588 psi | 90% | 2818 fps | 98.7% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 98% | 47,384 psi | 86% | 2785 fps | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,217 psi | 67% | 1785 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,246 psi | 67% | 1785 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 37,333 psi | 68% | 1795 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,429 psi | 89% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,516 psi | 90% | 2808 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,327 psi | 87% | 2766 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,022 psi | 87% | 2762 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,153 psi | 89% | 2785 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 88% | 49,937 psi | 90% | 2841 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 86% | 46,514 psi | 84% | 2782 fps | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 86% | 47,529 psi | 86% | 2805 fps | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,672 psi | 83% | 2848 fps | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 45,455 psi | 82% | 2841 fps | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 46,789 psi | 85% | 2877 fps | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,545 psi | 90% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,603 psi | 90% | 2707 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 90% | 47,718 psi | 86% | 2703 fps | 96.4% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 90% | 47,747 psi | 86% | 2703 fps | 96.4% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,747 psi | 88% | 2726 fps | 96.7% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,109 psi | 87% | 2759 fps | 97.8% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,196 psi | 87% | 2762 fps | 97.8% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,240 psi | 89% | 2785 fps | 98.1% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,936 psi | 89% | 2697 fps | 98.6% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,979 psi | 89% | 2697 fps | 98.6% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 84% | 49,748 psi | 90% | 2717 fps | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,703 psi | 86% | 2671 fps | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,471 psi | 86% | 2667 fps | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,530 psi | 88% | 2694 fps | 99.6% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,762 psi | 88% | 2713 fps | 99.1% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,820 psi | 88% | 2713 fps | 99.1% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,574 psi | 90% | 2730 fps | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 50,009 psi | 90% | 2674 fps | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 46,949 psi | 85% | 2621 fps | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,645 psi | 86% | 2638 fps | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,688 psi | 86% | 2756 fps | 97.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,776 psi | 86% | 2759 fps | 97.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,820 psi | 88% | 2782 fps | 98% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,647 psi | 90% | 2703 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 82% | 49,690 psi | 90% | 2703 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 90% | 49,124 psi | 89% | 2697 fps | 95.8% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 90% | 48,834 psi | 88% | 2694 fps | 95.8% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 88% | 46,862 psi | 85% | 2740 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 88% | 46,949 psi | 85% | 2740 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 88% | 47,805 psi | 87% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,878 psi | 88% | 2743 fps | 98.6% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,588 psi | 88% | 2736 fps | 98.5% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,951 psi | 90% | 2766 fps | 98.8% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,471 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 82% | 47,529 psi | 86% | 2631 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 82% | 48,370 psi | 88% | 2651 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,255 psi | 89% | 2726 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,313 psi | 89% | 2726 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,021 psi | 85% | 2694 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 96% | 47,993 psi | 87% | 2717 fps | 98.1% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,037 psi | 87% | 2717 fps | 98.1% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 96% | 48,965 psi | 89% | 2740 fps | 98.4% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,675 psi | 88% | 2733 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,399 psi | 88% | 2730 fps | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,472 psi | 90% | 2749 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,516 psi | 90% | 2799 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,617 psi | 90% | 2799 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,572 psi | 86% | 2769 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,472 psi | 90% | 2844 fps | 96.4% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,197 psi | 89% | 2841 fps | 96.3% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 92% | 47,007 psi | 85% | 2805 fps | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N565ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,617 psi | 88% | 2818 fps | 96.4% |
| Vihtavuori N565ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,298 psi | 87% | 2812 fps | 96.4% |
| Vihtavuori N565ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,603 psi | 90% | 2841 fps | 96.8% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,602 psi | 88% | 2694 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 86% | 48,312 psi | 87% | 2690 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 86% | 49,588 psi | 90% | 2713 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,166 psi | 85% | 2736 fps | 98.8% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 84% | 47,253 psi | 86% | 2740 fps | 98.8% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 84% | 48,356 psi | 88% | 2762 fps | 99% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,298 psi | 89% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 49,342 psi | 89% | 2943 fps | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 98% | 47,036 psi | 85% | 2910 fps | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,399 psi | 88% | 2730 fps | 97.6% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 94% | 48,501 psi | 88% | 2733 fps | 97.7% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 94% | 49,429 psi | 89% | 2753 fps | 98% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,096 psi | 56% | 2372 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,125 psi | 56% | 2375 fps | 95.2% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 82% | 31,850 psi | 58% | 2395 fps | 95.6% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,450 psi | 71% | 2579 fps | 99.2% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,479 psi | 71% | 2579 fps | 99.2% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,364 psi | 73% | 2602 fps | 99.4% |
| Accurate High Country | 43.3 gr | 90% | 44,280 psi | 80% | 2766 fps | 95.8% |
| Accurate High Country | 42.3 gr | 90% | 44,367 psi | 80% | 2766 fps | 95.8% |
| Accurate High Country | 42.3 gr | 88% | 42,206 psi | 76% | 2726 fps | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,582 psi | 73% | 2615 fps | 95.5% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,625 psi | 74% | 2615 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 84% | 38,740 psi | 70% | 2579 fps | 95% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 92% | 44,193 psi | 80% | 2717 fps | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,903 psi | 79% | 2710 fps | 95% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 92% | 45,107 psi | 82% | 2740 fps | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2225 | <<locked>> | 98% | 34,911 psi | 63% | 2556 fps | 95.3% |
| ADI AR 2225 | <<locked>> | 98% | 34,693 psi | 63% | 2549 fps | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2225 | <<locked>> | 98% | 35,549 psi | 64% | 2579 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,741 psi | 74% | 2615 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,799 psi | 74% | 2618 fps | 95.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 84% | 38,914 psi | 70% | 2582 fps | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,043 psi | 69% | 2582 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,058 psi | 69% | 2582 fps | 99.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,870 psi | 70% | 2605 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,555 psi | 79% | 2710 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,265 psi | 78% | 2703 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,454 psi | 80% | 2730 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,306 psi | 73% | 2608 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 86% | 40,379 psi | 73% | 2612 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 84% | 38,522 psi | 70% | 2572 fps | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,770 psi | 74% | 2664 fps | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,538 psi | 73% | 2657 fps | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 88% | 38,899 psi | 70% | 2628 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,094 psi | 51% | 2349 fps | 97.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,137 psi | 51% | 2352 fps | 97.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,761 psi | 52% | 2372 fps | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 86% | 29,907 psi | 54% | 2415 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 86% | 29,921 psi | 54% | 2415 fps | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 86% | 30,443 psi | 55% | 2434 fps | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 39.6 gr | 80% | 30,037 psi | 54% | 2461 fps | 96.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 39.6 gr | 80% | 30,081 psi | 54% | 2464 fps | 96.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 39.6 gr | 80% | 30,690 psi | 56% | 2484 fps | 96.6% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 40,219 psi | 73% | 2648 fps | 95.6% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 40,001 psi | 72% | 2644 fps | 95.5% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 90% | 38,392 psi | 69% | 2615 fps | 95.1% |
| Bofors RP30 | <<locked>> | 98% | 40,828 psi | 74% | 2700 fps | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,770 psi | 74% | 2664 fps | 95.9% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 40,538 psi | 73% | 2657 fps | 95.8% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 38,899 psi | 70% | 2628 fps | 95.4% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,091 psi | 78% | 2585 fps | 97.4% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,149 psi | 78% | 2589 fps | 97.4% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,903 psi | 79% | 2608 fps | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H1000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 43,294 psi | 78% | 2690 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon H1000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 43,047 psi | 78% | 2684 fps | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H1000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,292 psi | 75% | 2654 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,176 psi | 75% | 2621 fps | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,191 psi | 75% | 2621 fps | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,003 psi | 76% | 2641 fps | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,150 psi | 80% | 2641 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,222 psi | 80% | 2644 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,991 psi | 81% | 2664 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,340 psi | 84% | 2707 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,064 psi | 83% | 2700 fps | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,737 psi | 65% | 2480 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,781 psi | 65% | 2480 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,622 psi | 66% | 2500 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 94% | 37,724 psi | 68% | 2664 fps | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 94% | 37,492 psi | 68% | 2657 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 94% | 38,537 psi | 70% | 2690 fps | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,089 psi | 73% | 2635 fps | 96.9% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,161 psi | 73% | 2635 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,075 psi | 74% | 2657 fps | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,398 psi | 50% | 1558 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,427 psi | 50% | 1558 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,369 psi | 50% | 1565 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,769 psi | 70% | 2520 fps | 96.3% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,812 psi | 70% | 2520 fps | 96.3% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,523 psi | 72% | 2539 fps | 96.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,657 psi | 81% | 2618 fps | 98.1% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,396 psi | 80% | 2615 fps | 98.1% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,150 psi | 82% | 2635 fps | 98.3% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,927 psi | 69% | 2533 fps | 99% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,695 psi | 68% | 2526 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,493 psi | 70% | 2546 fps | 99.1% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 46,079 psi | 83% | 2664 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 46,151 psi | 84% | 2667 fps | 95.3% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 47,065 psi | 85% | 2690 fps | 95.7% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 94% | 44,991 psi | 81% | 2746 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 94% | 45,063 psi | 82% | 2746 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 92% | 43,076 psi | 78% | 2713 fps | 95.1% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,090 psi | 76% | 2569 fps | 98.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,148 psi | 76% | 2569 fps | 98.7% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,902 psi | 78% | 2589 fps | 98.9% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,350 psi | 73% | 2552 fps | 97.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,408 psi | 73% | 2552 fps | 97.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,162 psi | 74% | 2575 fps | 97.8% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 88% | 32,285 psi | 58% | 2405 fps | 95.7% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 88% | 32,329 psi | 59% | 2405 fps | 95.7% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 86% | 31,140 psi | 56% | 2379 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,944 psi | 74% | 2602 fps | 95.6% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 82% | 40,973 psi | 74% | 2602 fps | 95.6% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,102 psi | 71% | 2566 fps | 95.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,882 psi | 63% | 2556 fps | 95.3% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 84% | 34,650 psi | 63% | 2549 fps | 95.2% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 84% | 35,549 psi | 64% | 2579 fps | 95.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,073 psi | 71% | 2569 fps | 99% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,117 psi | 71% | 2572 fps | 99% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,943 psi | 72% | 2592 fps | 99.2% |
| Ramshot Grand | 43.9 gr | 94% | 44,846 psi | 81% | 2756 fps | 95.9% |
| Ramshot Grand | 43.9 gr | 94% | 44,918 psi | 81% | 2756 fps | 95.9% |
| Ramshot Grand | 43.9 gr | 92% | 42,844 psi | 78% | 2723 fps | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,927 psi | 69% | 2562 fps | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,724 psi | 68% | 2556 fps | 97.4% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,711 psi | 70% | 2582 fps | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 92% | 37,072 psi | 67% | 2569 fps | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 92% | 37,159 psi | 67% | 2572 fps | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 92% | 38,189 psi | 69% | 2602 fps | 95.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,833 psi | 50% | 1594 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 27,862 psi | 50% | 1594 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 28,094 psi | 51% | 1608 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,253 psi | 84% | 2756 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,963 psi | 83% | 2753 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,102 psi | 71% | 2595 fps | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,160 psi | 71% | 2595 fps | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,943 psi | 72% | 2615 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,985 psi | 69% | 2608 fps | 98.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,739 psi | 68% | 2602 fps | 98.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,682 psi | 70% | 2628 fps | 98.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 94% | 37,072 psi | 67% | 2648 fps | 96.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 94% | 36,869 psi | 67% | 2641 fps | 96.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 92% | 35,244 psi | 64% | 2602 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,412 psi | 84% | 2657 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,441 psi | 84% | 2657 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,744 psi | 81% | 2648 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,802 psi | 81% | 2648 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 86% | 42,960 psi | 78% | 2618 fps | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,436 psi | 71% | 2592 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,465 psi | 71% | 2592 fps | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 84% | 37,666 psi | 68% | 2559 fps | 95% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,091 psi | 78% | 2585 fps | 97.4% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,149 psi | 78% | 2589 fps | 97.4% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,903 psi | 79% | 2608 fps | 97.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,090 psi | 76% | 2569 fps | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,148 psi | 76% | 2569 fps | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,902 psi | 78% | 2589 fps | 98.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,350 psi | 73% | 2552 fps | 97.5% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,408 psi | 73% | 2552 fps | 97.5% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,162 psi | 74% | 2575 fps | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,263 psi | 75% | 2516 fps | 97.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,046 psi | 74% | 2510 fps | 97.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,032 psi | 76% | 2536 fps | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,073 psi | 71% | 2585 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,146 psi | 71% | 2589 fps | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,856 psi | 72% | 2608 fps | 95.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,557 psi | 84% | 2654 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,630 psi | 84% | 2654 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,861 psi | 83% | 2638 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 88% | 45,948 psi | 83% | 2641 fps | 95% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,607 psi | 64% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 35,650 psi | 65% | 2530 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,506 psi | 66% | 2552 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 84% | 37,536 psi | 68% | 2523 fps | 95.8% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 84% | 37,565 psi | 68% | 2523 fps | 95.8% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 82% | 35,926 psi | 65% | 2490 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,498 psi | 81% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,570 psi | 81% | 2582 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,382 psi | 82% | 2602 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,480 psi | 73% | 2569 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,553 psi | 73% | 2569 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,336 psi | 75% | 2589 fps | 99.4% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 88% | 36,927 psi | 67% | 2500 fps | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 88% | 36,999 psi | 67% | 2503 fps | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 88% | 37,884 psi | 69% | 2526 fps | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,943 psi | 72% | 2569 fps | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,016 psi | 72% | 2572 fps | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,756 psi | 74% | 2592 fps | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,241 psi | 57% | 2428 fps | 97.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 31,270 psi | 57% | 2428 fps | 97.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 32,082 psi | 58% | 2451 fps | 98% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,035 psi | 83% | 2782 fps | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 92% | 46,137 psi | 83% | 2782 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 90% | 44,121 psi | 80% | 2749 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N565 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,179 psi | 82% | 2756 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N565 | <<locked>> | 98% | 45,223 psi | 82% | 2756 fps | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N565 | <<locked>> | 96% | 43,250 psi | 78% | 2723 fps | 95.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,349 psi | 71% | 2533 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,421 psi | 71% | 2536 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 40,306 psi | 73% | 2556 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,466 psi | 75% | 2625 fps | 97.6% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,191 psi | 75% | 2621 fps | 97.5% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,293 psi | 77% | 2648 fps | 97.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 80% | 24,889 psi | 45% | 2329 fps | 96.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 80% | 24,743 psi | 45% | 2326 fps | 96.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 80% | 25,440 psi | 46% | 2356 fps | 97.3% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,291 psi | 71% | 2559 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,378 psi | 71% | 2559 fps | 95.2% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,234 psi | 73% | 2582 fps | 95.7% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 197 powders for .243 Ackley Improved loaded with the .243 | 115gr | Berger VLD Hunting. Winchester StaBALL HD delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 2,943 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 1,742 fps to 2,943 fps. ADI AR 2225 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 197 of the 197 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (381 MPa), the top charges use 66–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 115.0 gr projectile in 0.243" calls for a 1:7.5 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. ADI AR 2225, ADI AR 2225, ADI AR 2225 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. Alliant Reloder-26, Accurate High Country, Ramshot Grand rank at the top here: for .243 Ackley Improved with the .243 | 115gr | Berger VLD Hunting they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.