Load Specifications
Load data in caliber .22 Creedmoor with .224 | 60gr | Hornady Varmint bullet and 93 powders. The key underlying parameters are shown in the table above. The recommended powders for this cartridge and bullet combination are ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-17 and ReloadSwiss RS 60.
Important Notice: DO NOT go below Minimum Charge or above Maximum Charge. Since we have no control over the equipment and components used, any responsibility and liability for the results achieved is rejected.
Only powders/loads that match the current filter criteria are displayed: max pressure of a load ≤ 90% of max. standardized pressure, fill rate ≥ 80% and propellant combustion ≥ 95%. Use the sliders above the tables to adjust these thresholds.
Charge: Powder weight in grains. Start with the minimum load and work up carefully.
FR (Fill Rate): Case fill as a percentage. Values above 100% mean compressed loads.
MaxP / %: Maximum chamber pressure in bar and as a percentage of the standardized maximum for this caliber.
V(0): Muzzle velocity in feet per second (fps) at the standardized barrel length.
z (Powder Burn): Estimated propellant combustion percentage at bullet exit.
A valid access license is required to use the Personalized Load Calculator.
You can find more information in our FAQ: How can I use the Personalized Load Calculator?
Max Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 84% | 58,073 psi | 89% | 3458 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,551 psi | 89% | 3478 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 82% | 55,390 psi | 85% | 3491 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,217 psi | 86% | 3451 fps | 95.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,624 psi | 89% | 3527 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 58,291 psi | 90% | 3612 fps | 99.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,116 psi | 88% | 3560 fps | 99.7% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 58,740 psi | 90% | 3560 fps | 99.5% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,956 psi | 86% | 3504 fps | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,290 psi | 88% | 3491 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,827 psi | 89% | 3698 fps | 99.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 55,245 psi | 85% | 3520 fps | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,869 psi | 86% | 3550 fps | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 98% | 55,448 psi | 85% | 3619 fps | 99.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 56,927 psi | 88% | 3658 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 42,743 psi | 66% | 3346 fps | 98.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 48,733 psi | 75% | 3543 fps | 97.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,493 psi | 88% | 3566 fps | 99.2% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 56,086 psi | 86% | 3537 fps | 99.9% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,956 psi | 86% | 3494 fps | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 84% | 57,377 psi | 88% | 3488 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,898 psi | 86% | 3533 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 82% | 58,131 psi | 89% | 3652 fps | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,145 psi | 88% | 3553 fps | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,363 psi | 88% | 3606 fps | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,769 psi | 89% | 3573 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,593 psi | 86% | 3537 fps | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 58,262 psi | 90% | 3615 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 96% | 58,465 psi | 90% | 3645 fps | 97% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,447 psi | 55% | 2270 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,506 psi | 85% | 3514 fps | 99.8% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,972 psi | 89% | 3563 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 90% | 58,088 psi | 89% | 3543 fps | 99.6% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,914 psi | 89% | 3517 fps | 97.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,695 psi | 87% | 3520 fps | 96.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,914 psi | 89% | 3537 fps | 97% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 54,839 psi | 84% | 3533 fps | 98.9% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,305 psi | 88% | 3589 fps | 99.7% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,956 psi | 86% | 3504 fps | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,406 psi | 88% | 3530 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,536 psi | 87% | 3478 fps | 99.7% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 58,044 psi | 89% | 3543 fps | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,653 psi | 89% | 3530 fps | 98.2% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 98% | 58,610 psi | 90% | 3566 fps | 97.5% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,985 psi | 86% | 3501 fps | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,565 psi | 87% | 3504 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 90% | 58,711 psi | 90% | 3596 fps | 99.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,811 psi | 87% | 3593 fps | 99% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,927 psi | 86% | 3556 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 56,028 psi | 86% | 3583 fps | 97.7% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,507 psi | 87% | 3510 fps | 98.2% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,565 psi | 87% | 3540 fps | 99.6% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,811 psi | 87% | 3497 fps | 99.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 35,940 psi | 55% | 2323 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 90% | 57,101 psi | 88% | 3524 fps | 97.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,260 psi | 87% | 3622 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,739 psi | 87% | 3668 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 58,508 psi | 90% | 3635 fps | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 57,812 psi | 89% | 3671 fps | 99% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,608 psi | 87% | 3488 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,478 psi | 87% | 3497 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 92% | 55,927 psi | 86% | 3527 fps | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 94% | 55,956 psi | 86% | 3494 fps | 96.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,653 psi | 89% | 3530 fps | 98.2% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,406 psi | 88% | 3530 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 58,044 psi | 89% | 3543 fps | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 98% | 58,610 psi | 90% | 3566 fps | 97.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 92% | 58,189 psi | 90% | 3602 fps | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 55,114 psi | 85% | 3488 fps | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 86% | 55,796 psi | 86% | 3520 fps | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,159 psi | 88% | 3438 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 57,856 psi | 89% | 3428 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,914 psi | 89% | 3471 fps | 97.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 57,827 psi | 89% | 3540 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,753 psi | 87% | 3428 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 86% | 58,566 psi | 90% | 3543 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 92% | 56,260 psi | 87% | 3530 fps | 99.8% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 55,434 psi | 85% | 3599 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 82% | 56,710 psi | 87% | 3399 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 86% | 57,421 psi | 88% | 3419 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 88% | 56,449 psi | 87% | 3465 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 88% | 57,159 psi | 88% | 3474 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 57,696 psi | 89% | 3504 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 55,680 psi | 86% | 3527 fps | 98.8% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,449 psi | 87% | 3501 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 88% | 55,477 psi | 85% | 3461 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 98% | 58,769 psi | 90% | 3596 fps | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 47,413 psi | 73% | 3445 fps | 98.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 56,478 psi | 87% | 3504 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 84% | 56,913 psi | 88% | 3556 fps | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 96% | 57,363 psi | 88% | 3606 fps | 97.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 38,319 psi | 59% | 3330 fps | 97.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 86% | 56,043 psi | 86% | 3530 fps | 99.8% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
Start Load - Barrel Length: 24"
| Powder | Charge | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,981 psi | 78% | 3343 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,932 psi | 68% | 3241 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 51,517 psi | 79% | 3422 fps | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 52,750 psi | 81% | 3389 fps | 95.1% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,524 psi | 64% | 3222 fps | 99.8% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 41,046 psi | 63% | 3261 fps | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,239 psi | 73% | 3363 fps | 98.5% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,987 psi | 62% | 3169 fps | 96% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,298 psi | 76% | 3376 fps | 99.5% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,980 psi | 77% | 3373 fps | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,410 psi | 67% | 3389 fps | 96.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,958 psi | 61% | 3199 fps | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,873 psi | 66% | 3274 fps | 97% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,030 psi | 62% | 3268 fps | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 38.4 gr | 80% | 34,795 psi | 54% | 3140 fps | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 94% | 35,157 psi | 54% | 3136 fps | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 41,872 psi | 64% | 3376 fps | 95.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,905 psi | 72% | 3360 fps | 97.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,871 psi | 61% | 3202 fps | 97.7% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,504 psi | 81% | 3428 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,676 psi | 78% | 3366 fps | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,820 psi | 75% | 3399 fps | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 54,012 psi | 83% | 3576 fps | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 82% | 43,381 psi | 67% | 3271 fps | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,937 psi | 77% | 3458 fps | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,688 psi | 73% | 3379 fps | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 86% | 34,751 psi | 53% | 3074 fps | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,874 psi | 67% | 3333 fps | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,459 psi | 78% | 3488 fps | 95% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,310 psi | 40% | 2037 fps | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,759 psi | 70% | 3320 fps | 98.6% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,601 psi | 73% | 3386 fps | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 41,989 psi | 65% | 3215 fps | 96.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 50,734 psi | 78% | 3376 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 53,229 psi | 82% | 3458 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 90% | 51,082 psi | 79% | 3406 fps | 95.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 88% | 39,262 psi | 60% | 3199 fps | 95.2% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,932 psi | 68% | 3317 fps | 97.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,298 psi | 76% | 3376 fps | 99.5% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,775 psi | 72% | 3340 fps | 99.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,833 psi | 72% | 3291 fps | 98.5% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,105 psi | 65% | 3225 fps | 98.5% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,759 psi | 69% | 3271 fps | 95.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,399 psi | 74% | 3366 fps | 95.2% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,166 psi | 71% | 3307 fps | 99.2% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,615 psi | 72% | 3323 fps | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,235 psi | 65% | 3261 fps | 97.4% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,683 psi | 63% | 3251 fps | 95.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,221 psi | 65% | 3274 fps | 97.2% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 45,774 psi | 70% | 3373 fps | 95.2% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,632 psi | 76% | 3379 fps | 96.9% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,197 psi | 76% | 3402 fps | 98.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,476 psi | 82% | 3435 fps | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 26,818 psi | 41% | 2090 fps | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 46,905 psi | 72% | 3320 fps | 95.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,585 psi | 70% | 3406 fps | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 38.4 gr | 80% | 36,999 psi | 57% | 3228 fps | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 88% | 40,799 psi | 63% | 3271 fps | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 43.9 gr | 90% | 43,526 psi | 67% | 3360 fps | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 50,241 psi | 77% | 3373 fps | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,990 psi | 68% | 3251 fps | 98.8% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 37,420 psi | 58% | 3130 fps | 96.7% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 52,504 psi | 81% | 3428 fps | 95.3% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 44,759 psi | 69% | 3271 fps | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 46,775 psi | 72% | 3340 fps | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,105 psi | 65% | 3225 fps | 98.5% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 48,399 psi | 74% | 3366 fps | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,537 psi | 59% | 3186 fps | 96.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 48,095 psi | 74% | 3346 fps | 97% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,832 psi | 71% | 3320 fps | 98.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,253 psi | 73% | 3261 fps | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 39,508 psi | 61% | 3091 fps | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 50,792 psi | 78% | 3340 fps | 95.6% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,925 psi | 83% | 3474 fps | 99.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,050 psi | 72% | 3258 fps | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,732 psi | 73% | 3343 fps | 98.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 38,087 psi | 59% | 3136 fps | 96.7% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 84% | 31,836 psi | 49% | 3048 fps | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 53,185 psi | 82% | 3343 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 47,630 psi | 73% | 3255 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 43,482 psi | 67% | 3235 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 44,150 psi | 68% | 3238 fps | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 36,347 psi | 56% | 3061 fps | 97.6% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 86% | 39,639 psi | 61% | 3189 fps | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,574 psi | 76% | 3376 fps | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 42,772 psi | 66% | 3219 fps | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 88% | 41,930 psi | 65% | 3255 fps | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 94% | 38,595 psi | 59% | 3238 fps | 95.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 82% | 34,708 psi | 53% | 3025 fps | 95.8% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 49,603 psi | 76% | 3425 fps | 99.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 92% | 49,937 psi | 77% | 3458 fps | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 96% | 33,663 psi | 52% | 3166 fps | 95.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 45,571 psi | 70% | 3323 fps | 98.7% |
Recommended = one of the top powders for this cartridge and bullet combination.
ᴾ possible press load - work up slowly to this load while watching for signs of excessive pressure.
This overview compares 111 powders for .22 Creedmoor loaded with the .224 | 60gr | Hornady Varmint. Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR delivers the highest muzzle velocity at 3,698 fps; across all powders the maximum-charge window runs from 2,270 fps to 3,698 fps. Accurate 3100 gives the best case fill at 100 %, and 111 of the 111 powders fall inside the usable 80–100 % fill window.
Relative to the caliber's maximum pressure (448 MPa), the top charges use 55–90 %, leaving at least 10 % headroom. The 60.0 gr projectile in 0.224" calls for a 1:13.0 twist; slower twists will usually not stabilise this weight. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, Alliant Reloder-19 reach 100 % fill or more at maximum charge, so these are compressed loads: they need a long drop tube to seat cleanly and react sensitively to the case capacity of your own brass lot. ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-17, ReloadSwiss RS 60 rank at the top here: for .22 Creedmoor with the .224 | 60gr | Hornady Varmint they combine a high case fill with complete burn and sit in the upper velocity band. As outliers, ADI AR 2209, Alliant Reloder-19, Alliant Reloder-22 burn incompletely and react more sensitively to barrel length and temperature. Always begin at the start load and work up in small increments while checking case and primer for pressure signs.