Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .300 Win. Mag. mit Geschoss .308 | 185gr | Berger Classic Hybrid Hunter und 87 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Alliant Reloder-26, Norma MRP und Vihtavuori N560.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,749 bar | 87% | 834 m/s | 99% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,641 bar | 85% | 850 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,726 bar | 87% | 830 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,789 bar | 88% | 864 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate MAGPRO | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,781 bar | 88% | 892 m/s | 96.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,721 bar | 87% | 840 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,848 bar | 89% | 878 m/s | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,681 bar | 86% | 876 m/s | 97.2% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,784 bar | 88% | 847 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,785 bar | 88% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,838 bar | 89% | 880 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,659 bar | 85% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,791 bar | 88% | 873 m/s | 98.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,882 bar | 90% | 892 m/s | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,669 bar | 85% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,186 bar | 74% | 851 m/s | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,667 bar | 85% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,556 bar | 83% | 869 m/s | 98.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,848 bar | 89% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,882 bar | 90% | 892 m/s | 98.9% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,787 bar | 88% | 848 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H1000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,159 bar | 73% | 831 m/s | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,857 bar | 90% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,680 bar | 86% | 863 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,653 bar | 85% | 850 m/s | 98.5% |
| Hodgdon H4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,694 bar | 86% | 859 m/s | 96.6% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,867 bar | 90% | 871 m/s | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,847 bar | 89% | 856 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,119 bar | 73% | 861 m/s | 97.6% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,679 bar | 86% | 873 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,525 bar | 59% | 530 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,687 bar | 86% | 834 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,844 bar | 89% | 845 m/s | 99.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,870 bar | 90% | 859 m/s | 99.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,890 bar | 90% | 855 m/s | 99.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,815 bar | 89% | 861 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,886 bar | 90% | 860 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,805 bar | 88% | 856 m/s | 97.1% |
| IMR 7828 SSCᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,758 bar | 87% | 885 m/s | 97.5% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,701 bar | 86% | 832 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,680 bar | 86% | 840 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,762 bar | 87% | 852 m/s | 99.5% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,242 bar | 75% | 821 m/s | 99.1% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,739 bar | 87% | 848 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,666 bar | 85% | 857 m/s | 98.1% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,849 bar | 90% | 900 m/s | 99.6% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,684 bar | 86% | 858 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,787 bar | 88% | 856 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grandᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,790 bar | 88% | 891 m/s | 98% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,849 bar | 90% | 875 m/s | 99.9% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,383 bar | 79% | 852 m/s | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,577 bar | 60% | 543 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,838 bar | 89% | 852 m/s | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,886 bar | 90% | 884 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,773 bar | 88% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,650 bar | 85% | 878 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,110 bar | 72% | 859 m/s | 98.5% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,836 bar | 89% | 835 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,855 bar | 90% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,710 bar | 86% | 852 m/s | 97.4% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,747 bar | 87% | 869 m/s | 98.6% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,787 bar | 88% | 848 m/s | 99.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,680 bar | 86% | 840 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,701 bar | 86% | 832 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,762 bar | 87% | 852 m/s | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,708 bar | 86% | 853 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,675 bar | 85% | 802 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,886 bar | 90% | 841 m/s | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,715 bar | 86% | 868 m/s | 98.5% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,843 bar | 89% | 849 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,833 bar | 89% | 851 m/s | 96.9% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,663 bar | 85% | 860 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,795 bar | 88% | 862 m/s | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,868 bar | 90% | 823 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,876 bar | 90% | 828 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,694 bar | 86% | 827 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,837 bar | 89% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,750 bar | 87% | 855 m/s | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,741 bar | 87% | 826 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,772 bar | 88% | 859 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,841 bar | 89% | 878 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,862 bar | 90% | 897 m/s | 97.4% |
| Vihtavuori N565ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,298 bar | 77% | 851 m/s | 95.9% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,804 bar | 88% | 847 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,680 bar | 86% | 863 m/s | 99.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,342 bar | 78% | 890 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,790 bar | 88% | 860 m/s | 98.5% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,516 bar | 82% | 818 m/s | 98.5% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,270 bar | 53% | 734 m/s | 95.6% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,506 bar | 82% | 816 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,695 bar | 63% | 780 m/s | 98.9% |
| Accurate MAGPRO | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,530 bar | 82% | 873 m/s | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,296 bar | 77% | 809 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,772 bar | 64% | 790 m/s | 95% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,215 bar | 75% | 838 m/s | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,334 bar | 78% | 816 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,562 bar | 83% | 837 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,604 bar | 61% | 782 m/s | 99% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,963 bar | 69% | 819 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,750 bar | 64% | 789 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,777 bar | 65% | 805 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,920 bar | 45% | 710 m/s | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,177 bar | 51% | 746 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 62.7 gr | 4.06 g | 80% | 2,047 bar | 48% | 742 m/s | 95.4% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,740 bar | 64% | 800 m/s | 95% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,366 bar | 78% | 820 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,777 bar | 65% | 805 m/s | 95.4% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,955 bar | 69% | 783 m/s | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon H1000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,948 bar | 69% | 812 m/s | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,381 bar | 79% | 824 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,820 bar | 66% | 794 m/s | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,017 bar | 70% | 799 m/s | 96.6% |
| Hodgdon H4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,452 bar | 80% | 841 m/s | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,372 bar | 78% | 835 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,446 bar | 57% | 750 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,733 bar | 64% | 822 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,743 bar | 64% | 797 m/s | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,890 bar | 44% | 474 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,466 bar | 81% | 819 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,605 bar | 84% | 828 m/s | 99.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,645 bar | 62% | 761 m/s | 95.8% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,051 bar | 71% | 792 m/s | 97.8% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,583 bar | 60% | 765 m/s | 98.6% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,655 bar | 85% | 846 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,357 bar | 78% | 823 m/s | 95.6% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,076 bar | 72% | 830 m/s | 95% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,483 bar | 81% | 818 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,881 bar | 67% | 777 m/s | 98.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,754 bar | 64% | 771 m/s | 97.1% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,209 bar | 51% | 727 m/s | 95.2% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,518 bar | 82% | 833 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,800 bar | 65% | 787 m/s | 95.1% |
| Norma MRP | 65.5 gr | 4.24 g | 86% | 2,541 bar | 59% | 790 m/s | 95.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,664 bar | 62% | 777 m/s | 98.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,551 bar | 83% | 841 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,064 bar | 71% | 833 m/s | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,590 bar | 60% | 774 m/s | 97% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,725 bar | 63% | 796 m/s | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,917 bar | 45% | 484 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,377 bar | 79% | 819 m/s | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,147 bar | 73% | 834 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,679 bar | 62% | 785 m/s | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,586 bar | 60% | 788 m/s | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,522 bar | 59% | 798 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,611 bar | 84% | 821 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,168 bar | 74% | 804 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,070 bar | 71% | 802 m/s | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,696 bar | 63% | 784 m/s | 95% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,955 bar | 69% | 783 m/s | 97.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,881 bar | 67% | 777 m/s | 98.5% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,483 bar | 81% | 818 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,754 bar | 64% | 771 m/s | 97.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,253 bar | 76% | 821 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,243 bar | 75% | 775 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,817 bar | 66% | 761 m/s | 97.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,851 bar | 66% | 799 m/s | 95.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,185 bar | 74% | 804 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,344 bar | 78% | 815 m/s | 95.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,421 bar | 56% | 764 m/s | 99.9% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,571 bar | 60% | 763 m/s | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,632 bar | 84% | 809 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,633 bar | 84% | 813 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,038 bar | 71% | 782 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,768 bar | 64% | 777 m/s | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,699 bar | 63% | 773 m/s | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,510 bar | 82% | 812 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,720 bar | 63% | 777 m/s | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,125 bar | 49% | 733 m/s | 97.2% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | 71.6 gr | 4.64 g | 94% | 3,375 bar | 78% | 860 m/s | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N565 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,079 bar | 72% | 833 m/s | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,696 bar | 63% | 767 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,833 bar | 66% | 795 m/s | 97.2% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,698 bar | 39% | 702 m/s | 95.9% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,884 bar | 67% | 792 m/s | 95.7% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 87 Pulver für das Kaliber .300 Win. Mag. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 185gr | Berger Classic Hybrid Hunter. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Norma MRP mit 900 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 530 m/s und 900 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Alliant Reloder-22 mit 100 %, und 87 der 87 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (430 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 59 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 185,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:12.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Alliant Reloder-22, Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-25 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Alliant Reloder-26, Norma MRP, Vihtavuori N560: Diese Pulver verbinden für .300 Win. Mag. mit .308 | 185gr | Berger Classic Hybrid Hunter einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.