Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .300 Win. Mag. mit Geschoss .308 | 165gr | Woodleigh PP SN und 87 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-26 und Alliant Reloder-17.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,776 bar | 88% | 869 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,865 bar | 90% | 889 m/s | 98.5% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,709 bar | 86% | 901 m/s | 99.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,804 bar | 88% | 886 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,860 bar | 90% | 918 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,809 bar | 89% | 895 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,683 bar | 86% | 913 m/s | 97.4% |
| ADI AR 2213ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,775 bar | 88% | 928 m/s | 96.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,762 bar | 87% | 933 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,692 bar | 86% | 912 m/s | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,870 bar | 90% | 903 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,878 bar | 90% | 909 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,665 bar | 85% | 919 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,732 bar | 87% | 926 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,879 bar | 90% | 927 m/s | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,697 bar | 86% | 927 m/s | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,488 bar | 81% | 907 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,032 bar | 71% | 881 m/s | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,735 bar | 87% | 949 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,379 bar | 79% | 901 m/s | 96.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,681 bar | 86% | 891 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,697 bar | 86% | 927 m/s | 97.7% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,879 bar | 90% | 902 m/s | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,704 bar | 86% | 896 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,761 bar | 87% | 917 m/s | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,745 bar | 87% | 904 m/s | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,682 bar | 86% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,794 bar | 88% | 908 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,777 bar | 88% | 928 m/s | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,505 bar | 58% | 565 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,839 bar | 89% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,770 bar | 88% | 890 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,716 bar | 86% | 884 m/s | 98.8% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,705 bar | 86% | 895 m/s | 98.4% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,766 bar | 88% | 895 m/s | 98.8% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,891 bar | 90% | 915 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,741 bar | 87% | 902 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,889 bar | 90% | 908 m/s | 96.3% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,882 bar | 90% | 886 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,795 bar | 88% | 889 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,767 bar | 88% | 893 m/s | 99.6% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,861 bar | 90% | 907 m/s | 99.2% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,084 bar | 72% | 853 m/s | 98% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,874 bar | 90% | 891 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,829 bar | 89% | 905 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,757 bar | 87% | 911 m/s | 97.5% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,650 bar | 85% | 934 m/s | 98.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,774 bar | 88% | 913 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,642 bar | 85% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grandᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,615 bar | 84% | 923 m/s | 96.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,683 bar | 86% | 912 m/s | 99.3% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,229 bar | 75% | 883 m/s | 96.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,551 bar | 59% | 578 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,706 bar | 86% | 890 m/s | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,697 bar | 86% | 924 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,856 bar | 90% | 925 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,745 bar | 87% | 933 m/s | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,962 bar | 69% | 885 m/s | 96.6% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,688 bar | 86% | 876 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,686 bar | 86% | 890 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,792 bar | 88% | 903 m/s | 96.6% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,820 bar | 89% | 922 m/s | 98% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,879 bar | 90% | 902 m/s | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,767 bar | 88% | 893 m/s | 99.6% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,795 bar | 88% | 889 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,861 bar | 90% | 907 m/s | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,798 bar | 88% | 909 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,858 bar | 90% | 900 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,765 bar | 88% | 856 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,737 bar | 87% | 878 m/s | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,787 bar | 88% | 920 m/s | 97.9% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,689 bar | 86% | 889 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,722 bar | 87% | 915 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,871 bar | 90% | 915 m/s | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,714 bar | 86% | 865 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,729 bar | 87% | 869 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,772 bar | 88% | 881 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,672 bar | 85% | 895 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,572 bar | 83% | 889 m/s | 97.7% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,844 bar | 89% | 882 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,847 bar | 89% | 913 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,891 bar | 90% | 931 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,636 bar | 85% | 885 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,775 bar | 88% | 918 m/s | 99% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,146 bar | 73% | 924 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,879 bar | 90% | 903 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,625 bar | 84% | 894 m/s | 97.2% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,539 bar | 82% | 853 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,384 bar | 79% | 854 m/s | 97.3% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,467 bar | 57% | 795 m/s | 95.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,352 bar | 78% | 855 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,561 bar | 60% | 811 m/s | 97.6% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,170 bar | 74% | 847 m/s | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,222 bar | 75% | 875 m/s | 95.8% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,520 bar | 82% | 908 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,493 bar | 81% | 913 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,032 bar | 71% | 857 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,205 bar | 75% | 855 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,423 bar | 80% | 876 m/s | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,495 bar | 58% | 813 m/s | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 64 gr | 4.15 g | 80% | 2,817 bar | 66% | 853 m/s | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,997 bar | 70% | 855 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,013 bar | 70% | 870 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,946 bar | 45% | 751 m/s | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,347 bar | 55% | 806 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 68.9 gr | 4.46 g | 84% | 2,237 bar | 52% | 806 m/s | 95.4% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,168 bar | 74% | 883 m/s | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,221 bar | 75% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,013 bar | 70% | 870 m/s | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,835 bar | 66% | 816 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,249 bar | 76% | 861 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,683 bar | 62% | 824 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,091 bar | 72% | 850 m/s | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,324 bar | 54% | 781 m/s | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,546 bar | 82% | 891 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,815 bar | 65% | 846 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,876 bar | 44% | 505 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,607 bar | 84% | 881 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,335 bar | 78% | 858 m/s | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,492 bar | 81% | 867 m/s | 98.3% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,891 bar | 67% | 828 m/s | 95.7% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,930 bar | 68% | 825 m/s | 96.4% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,463 bar | 57% | 796 m/s | 97.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,512 bar | 82% | 885 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,657 bar | 85% | 891 m/s | 95.6% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,649 bar | 85% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,349 bar | 78% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,760 bar | 64% | 810 m/s | 97.1% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,644 bar | 61% | 803 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,535 bar | 59% | 802 m/s | 95.8% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,640 bar | 85% | 875 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,380 bar | 79% | 872 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,067 bar | 71% | 855 m/s | 95% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,774 bar | 65% | 856 m/s | 95.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,544 bar | 59% | 809 m/s | 97.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,389 bar | 79% | 878 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,358 bar | 78% | 902 m/s | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,461 bar | 57% | 803 m/s | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,989 bar | 70% | 861 m/s | 95.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,910 bar | 44% | 517 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,247 bar | 76% | 855 m/s | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,994 bar | 70% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,539 bar | 59% | 815 m/s | 97.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 65 gr | 4.21 g | 80% | 2,464 bar | 57% | 815 m/s | 96.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,764 bar | 64% | 863 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,475 bar | 81% | 861 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,035 bar | 71% | 841 m/s | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,338 bar | 78% | 868 m/s | 95% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,135 bar | 73% | 868 m/s | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,835 bar | 66% | 816 m/s | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,760 bar | 64% | 810 m/s | 97.1% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,349 bar | 78% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,644 bar | 61% | 803 m/s | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,104 bar | 72% | 856 m/s | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,615 bar | 84% | 883 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,118 bar | 73% | 813 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,707 bar | 63% | 793 m/s | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,106 bar | 72% | 866 m/s | 95.7% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,053 bar | 71% | 840 m/s | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,295 bar | 53% | 794 m/s | 99.2% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,791 bar | 65% | 827 m/s | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,482 bar | 81% | 850 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,501 bar | 81% | 854 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,917 bar | 68% | 819 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,643 bar | 61% | 809 m/s | 97.8% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,924 bar | 68% | 836 m/s | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,385 bar | 79% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,606 bar | 61% | 809 m/s | 97.4% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,009 bar | 47% | 759 m/s | 95.1% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,582 bar | 60% | 800 m/s | 99.3% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,696 bar | 63% | 825 m/s | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 84% | 1,840 bar | 43% | 760 m/s | 95.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,630 bar | 84% | 886 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,155 bar | 73% | 858 m/s | 95.6% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 87 Pulver für das Kaliber .300 Win. Mag. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 165gr | Woodleigh PP SN. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Reloder-26 mit 949 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 565 m/s und 949 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 3100 mit 100 %, und 87 der 87 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (430 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 58 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 165,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:15.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2213, Alliant Reloder-22 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen ReloadSwiss RS 70, Alliant Reloder-26, Alliant Reloder-17: Diese Pulver verbinden für .300 Win. Mag. mit .308 | 165gr | Woodleigh PP SN einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.