Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber 7.62 x 53 R Fin. mit Geschoss .308 | 136gr | Geco ZERO und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind ReloadSwiss RS 52, Hodgdon CFE223 und Hodgdon LEVERevolution.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 68.6 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,462 bar | 89% | 906 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,297 bar | 85% | 912 m/s | 96.3% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,311 bar | 85% | 914 m/s | 96.8% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,345 bar | 86% | 908 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,355 bar | 86% | 918 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,424 bar | 88% | 926 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,349 bar | 86% | 928 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,369 bar | 86% | 878 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,394 bar | 87% | 883 m/s | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,414 bar | 88% | 926 m/s | 97.7% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,394 bar | 87% | 887 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,483 bar | 89% | 922 m/s | 97.1% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,527 bar | 90% | 928 m/s | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,389 bar | 87% | 915 m/s | 98.6% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,477 bar | 89% | 929 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,435 bar | 88% | 947 m/s | 98.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,366 bar | 86% | 950 m/s | 96.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,358 bar | 86% | 928 m/s | 98.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,474 bar | 89% | 911 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,439 bar | 88% | 935 m/s | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,981 bar | 76% | 918 m/s | 96.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,490 bar | 89% | 892 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,501 bar | 90% | 890 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,390 bar | 87% | 927 m/s | 96.4% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,332 bar | 85% | 930 m/s | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,359 bar | 86% | 898 m/s | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,471 bar | 89% | 938 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,353 bar | 86% | 946 m/s | 97% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,417 bar | 88% | 921 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,505 bar | 90% | 928 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H380ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,498 bar | 90% | 932 m/s | 96% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,497 bar | 90% | 893 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,435 bar | 88% | 930 m/s | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,302 bar | 85% | 935 m/s | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,296 bar | 59% | 564 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,331 bar | 85% | 915 m/s | 97.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,307 bar | 85% | 930 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,447 bar | 88% | 918 m/s | 97.2% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,356 bar | 86% | 888 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,518 bar | 90% | 946 m/s | 98.1% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,389 bar | 87% | 915 m/s | 98.6% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,350 bar | 86% | 912 m/s | 99.5% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,351 bar | 86% | 910 m/s | 99.2% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,499 bar | 90% | 936 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,489 bar | 89% | 906 m/s | 97.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,362 bar | 86% | 917 m/s | 98.7% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,470 bar | 89% | 903 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,524 bar | 90% | 925 m/s | 99% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,315 bar | 85% | 914 m/s | 99.8% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,371 bar | 86% | 930 m/s | 97.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,412 bar | 87% | 937 m/s | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,328 bar | 85% | 920 m/s | 97.4% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,513 bar | 90% | 915 m/s | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,309 bar | 59% | 578 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,381 bar | 87% | 913 m/s | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,381 bar | 87% | 953 m/s | 97.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,193 bar | 82% | 943 m/s | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,363 bar | 86% | 908 m/s | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,327 bar | 85% | 907 m/s | 98.5% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,094 bar | 79% | 908 m/s | 97.5% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,350 bar | 86% | 912 m/s | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,499 bar | 90% | 936 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,362 bar | 86% | 917 m/s | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,396 bar | 87% | 901 m/s | 98.3% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,471 bar | 89% | 810 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,322 bar | 85% | 913 m/s | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,279 bar | 84% | 929 m/s | 97.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,331 bar | 85% | 901 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,495 bar | 90% | 921 m/s | 95.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,303 bar | 85% | 915 m/s | 97.3% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,500 bar | 90% | 898 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,455 bar | 89% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,453 bar | 89% | 926 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,423 bar | 88% | 898 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,466 bar | 89% | 922 m/s | 97.6% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,182 bar | 82% | 910 m/s | 97.5% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,398 bar | 87% | 871 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,498 bar | 90% | 894 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,480 bar | 89% | 897 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,437 bar | 88% | 919 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,366 bar | 86% | 908 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,076 bar | 79% | 891 m/s | 98.4% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,409 bar | 87% | 914 m/s | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,462 bar | 89% | 921 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,305 bar | 85% | 927 m/s | 99.2% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,480 bar | 89% | 934 m/s | 98.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 68.6 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,353 bar | 60% | 813 m/s | 99.5% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,098 bar | 79% | 895 m/s | 95.6% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,069 bar | 79% | 894 m/s | 96% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,527 bar | 65% | 838 m/s | 98.1% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,803 bar | 46% | 770 m/s | 97.9% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,218 bar | 57% | 817 m/s | 96.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,829 bar | 47% | 777 m/s | 95.4% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,962 bar | 76% | 846 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,991 bar | 77% | 850 m/s | 98.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,813 bar | 72% | 874 m/s | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,185 bar | 82% | 873 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,885 bar | 74% | 873 m/s | 95% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,863 bar | 73% | 876 m/s | 99.7% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,456 bar | 63% | 830 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,158 bar | 55% | 819 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,611 bar | 67% | 872 m/s | 95.5% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,147 bar | 81% | 931 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,426 bar | 62% | 844 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,699 bar | 69% | 850 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,825 bar | 72% | 882 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,789 bar | 72% | 898 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,262 bar | 84% | 877 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,883 bar | 74% | 844 m/s | 99.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,155 bar | 81% | 908 m/s | 95.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,519 bar | 65% | 858 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,466 bar | 63% | 817 m/s | 96.1% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,273 bar | 58% | 829 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | 49.8 gr | 3.23 g | 86% | 2,914 bar | 75% | 907 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,615 bar | 67% | 854 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,641 bar | 68% | 857 m/s | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,263 bar | 84% | 914 m/s | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,269 bar | 84% | 876 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,645 bar | 68% | 860 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | 48.9 gr | 3.17 g | 88% | 2,536 bar | 65% | 863 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,688 bar | 43% | 504 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,579 bar | 66% | 847 m/s | 95.1% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,065 bar | 53% | 812 m/s | 98.1% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,846 bar | 73% | 867 m/s | 95.1% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,791 bar | 72% | 844 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,701 bar | 69% | 875 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,456 bar | 63% | 830 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,122 bar | 80% | 894 m/s | 99.1% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,518 bar | 65% | 837 m/s | 96.8% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,135 bar | 55% | 811 m/s | 95.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,736 bar | 70% | 842 m/s | 95.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,439 bar | 63% | 834 m/s | 95.5% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,046 bar | 78% | 872 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,406 bar | 62% | 825 m/s | 95.3% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,097 bar | 54% | 798 m/s | 96.4% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,770 bar | 71% | 878 m/s | 95.5% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,784 bar | 71% | 882 m/s | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,709 bar | 69% | 866 m/s | 95% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,865 bar | 73% | 861 m/s | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,692 bar | 43% | 517 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,583 bar | 66% | 843 m/s | 97.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 50.5 gr | 3.27 g | 92% | 2,946 bar | 76% | 914 m/s | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,296 bar | 59% | 846 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,334 bar | 60% | 813 m/s | 97.2% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,430 bar | 62% | 825 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,513 bar | 64% | 854 m/s | 95.2% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,122 bar | 80% | 894 m/s | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,135 bar | 55% | 811 m/s | 95.9% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,439 bar | 63% | 834 m/s | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,750 bar | 71% | 847 m/s | 96.3% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,285 bar | 84% | 798 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,890 bar | 74% | 877 m/s | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,874 bar | 74% | 893 m/s | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,748 bar | 70% | 854 m/s | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,262 bar | 84% | 903 m/s | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,709 bar | 69% | 862 m/s | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,249 bar | 58% | 788 m/s | 97% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,816 bar | 47% | 742 m/s | 95.8% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,443 bar | 63% | 836 m/s | 95.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,205 bar | 57% | 790 m/s | 97.7% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,798 bar | 72% | 866 m/s | 95.3% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,624 bar | 67% | 860 m/s | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,192 bar | 82% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,570 bar | 66% | 821 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,244 bar | 58% | 793 m/s | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,889 bar | 48% | 777 m/s | 98.2% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,991 bar | 51% | 779 m/s | 96.2% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,354 bar | 60% | 824 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,445 bar | 63% | 828 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,030 bar | 52% | 788 m/s | 95.8% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,187 bar | 56% | 818 m/s | 95% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,639 bar | 68% | 862 m/s | 95.6% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 86 Pulver für das Kaliber 7.62 x 53 R Fin. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 136gr | Geco ZERO. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht ReloadSwiss RS 52 mit 953 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 564 m/s und 953 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 4064 mit 100 %, und 86 der 86 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (390 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 59 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 136,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:12.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 4064, ADI AR 2208, Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen ReloadSwiss RS 52, Hodgdon CFE223, Hodgdon LEVERevolution: Diese Pulver verbinden für 7.62 x 53 R Fin. mit .308 | 136gr | Geco ZERO einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.