
Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber 7.5 x 55 Swiss mit Geschoss .308 | 165gr | Barnes X FN und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind ReloadSwiss RS 70, ReloadSwiss RS 60 und Alliant Reloder-17.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 78.7 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,431 bar | 90% | 839 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,309 bar | 87% | 828 m/s | 95.9% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,681 bar | 71% | 817 m/s | 95.9% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,405 bar | 90% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,263 bar | 86% | 871 m/s | 99.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,394 bar | 89% | 857 m/s | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,434 bar | 90% | 856 m/s | 99.6% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,328 bar | 88% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,346 bar | 88% | 836 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,287 bar | 87% | 888 m/s | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,422 bar | 90% | 864 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,273 bar | 86% | 855 m/s | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,366 bar | 89% | 886 m/s | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,410 bar | 90% | 898 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,607 bar | 69% | 828 m/s | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-26ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,862 bar | 75% | 873 m/s | 98% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,315 bar | 87% | 859 m/s | 99.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,261 bar | 86% | 855 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,291 bar | 87% | 842 m/s | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,258 bar | 86% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,314 bar | 87% | 856 m/s | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,426 bar | 90% | 884 m/s | 97.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,425 bar | 90% | 861 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,320 bar | 87% | 864 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,307 bar | 87% | 869 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,238 bar | 85% | 874 m/s | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,456 bar | 65% | 529 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,264 bar | 86% | 844 m/s | 99.9% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,396 bar | 89% | 856 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,418 bar | 90% | 851 m/s | 99.7% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,418 bar | 90% | 842 m/s | 97.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,256 bar | 86% | 848 m/s | 96.2% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,380 bar | 89% | 850 m/s | 97% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,297 bar | 87% | 868 m/s | 99.3% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,351 bar | 88% | 865 m/s | 99.8% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,328 bar | 88% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,363 bar | 89% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,391 bar | 89% | 835 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,433 bar | 90% | 853 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,367 bar | 89% | 851 m/s | 98.3% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,393 bar | 89% | 860 m/s | 97.4% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,357 bar | 88% | 843 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,339 bar | 88% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,407 bar | 90% | 866 m/s | 99.9% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,422 bar | 90% | 883 m/s | 99.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,382 bar | 89% | 871 m/s | 99.8% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,352 bar | 88% | 881 m/s | 98.1% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,335 bar | 88% | 846 m/s | 98.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,278 bar | 86% | 852 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,500 bar | 66% | 543 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,337 bar | 88% | 849 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,433 bar | 90% | 888 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,392 bar | 89% | 898 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,420 bar | 90% | 892 m/s | 99.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,436 bar | 90% | 898 m/s | 99% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,389 bar | 89% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,253 bar | 86% | 852 m/s | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,291 bar | 87% | 842 m/s | 96.2% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,367 bar | 89% | 851 m/s | 98.3% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,363 bar | 89% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,433 bar | 90% | 853 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,393 bar | 89% | 860 m/s | 97.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,294 bar | 87% | 867 m/s | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,222 bar | 85% | 838 m/s | 98.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,279 bar | 86% | 848 m/s | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,429 bar | 90% | 822 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,412 bar | 90% | 823 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,347 bar | 88% | 834 m/s | 97% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,410 bar | 90% | 824 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,385 bar | 89% | 851 m/s | 99.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,296 bar | 87% | 852 m/s | 99.9% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,257 bar | 86% | 883 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,429 bar | 90% | 818 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,319 bar | 87% | 831 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,374 bar | 89% | 836 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,345 bar | 88% | 844 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,368 bar | 89% | 865 m/s | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,346 bar | 88% | 841 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,257 bar | 86% | 836 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,313 bar | 87% | 868 m/s | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N555ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,800 bar | 74% | 851 m/s | 98.8% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,386 bar | 89% | 858 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,305 bar | 87% | 856 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,240 bar | 85% | 869 m/s | 96.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,347 bar | 62% | 829 m/s | 98.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,248 bar | 85% | 851 m/s | 99.9% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 78.7 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,865 bar | 75% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,116 bar | 82% | 813 m/s | 95.2% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,514 bar | 66% | 801 m/s | 95.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,703 bar | 71% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,090 bar | 55% | 761 m/s | 95% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,008 bar | 79% | 827 m/s | 99.3% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,578 bar | 68% | 783 m/s | 97.7% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,131 bar | 82% | 827 m/s | 99.9% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,132 bar | 82% | 822 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,713 bar | 71% | 835 m/s | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,547 bar | 67% | 791 m/s | 99% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,727 bar | 72% | 809 m/s | 98.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,257 bar | 59% | 777 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 45.3 gr | 2.94 g | 80% | 2,207 bar | 58% | 782 m/s | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 90% | 1,977 bar | 52% | 753 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,368 bar | 62% | 819 m/s | 95.5% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,923 bar | 77% | 827 m/s | 98.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,544 bar | 67% | 794 m/s | 99% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,098 bar | 82% | 826 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,047 bar | 80% | 836 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,593 bar | 68% | 794 m/s | 96.7% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,852 bar | 75% | 835 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,031 bar | 80% | 830 m/s | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,862 bar | 49% | 718 m/s | 95% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,748 bar | 72% | 823 m/s | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,033 bar | 80% | 856 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,846 bar | 49% | 474 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,905 bar | 76% | 815 m/s | 99.4% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,998 bar | 79% | 828 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,706 bar | 71% | 793 m/s | 98.3% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,855 bar | 75% | 795 m/s | 95.2% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,064 bar | 81% | 832 m/s | 95.5% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,846 bar | 75% | 805 m/s | 95.1% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,166 bar | 57% | 764 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,786 bar | 73% | 818 m/s | 99% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,131 bar | 82% | 827 m/s | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,952 bar | 78% | 821 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,007 bar | 79% | 805 m/s | 99.3% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,709 bar | 71% | 795 m/s | 99.5% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,532 bar | 67% | 778 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,853 bar | 75% | 816 m/s | 95.6% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,988 bar | 79% | 814 m/s | 99.8% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,972 bar | 78% | 815 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,686 bar | 71% | 806 m/s | 98.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,255 bar | 59% | 776 m/s | 95.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,626 bar | 69% | 808 m/s | 98.4% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,631 bar | 69% | 816 m/s | 95.4% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,130 bar | 82% | 830 m/s | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,088 bar | 81% | 837 m/s | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,859 bar | 49% | 484 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,774 bar | 73% | 802 m/s | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,813 bar | 74% | 838 m/s | 98.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 45.3 gr | 2.94 g | 80% | 2,336 bar | 61% | 802 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,213 bar | 58% | 780 m/s | 95.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 50.6 gr | 3.28 g | 88% | 2,508 bar | 66% | 812 m/s | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,857 bar | 75% | 800 m/s | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,411 bar | 63% | 779 m/s | 98.4% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,098 bar | 82% | 826 m/s | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,532 bar | 67% | 778 m/s | 95.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,952 bar | 78% | 821 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,709 bar | 71% | 795 m/s | 99.5% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,853 bar | 75% | 816 m/s | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,426 bar | 64% | 790 m/s | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,031 bar | 80% | 823 m/s | 98% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,895 bar | 76% | 817 m/s | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,060 bar | 81% | 797 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,549 bar | 67% | 758 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,769 bar | 73% | 789 m/s | 95% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,039 bar | 80% | 798 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,984 bar | 79% | 821 m/s | 99.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,459 bar | 65% | 779 m/s | 98.4% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,820 bar | 48% | 733 m/s | 96.5% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,064 bar | 81% | 793 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,788 bar | 73% | 793 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,820 bar | 74% | 796 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,336 bar | 61% | 760 m/s | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,207 bar | 58% | 759 m/s | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,145 bar | 83% | 827 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,724 bar | 72% | 795 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,312 bar | 61% | 777 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,096 bar | 55% | 776 m/s | 95.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,076 bar | 55% | 736 m/s | 96.6% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,084 bar | 81% | 840 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,852 bar | 75% | 835 m/s | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 94% | 1,972 bar | 52% | 774 m/s | 96% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,859 bar | 75% | 820 m/s | 99.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 104 Pulver für das Kaliber 7.5 x 55 Swiss mit dem Geschoss .308 | 165gr | Barnes X FN. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Reloder-17 mit 898 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 529 m/s und 898 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 3100 mit 100 %, und 104 der 104 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (380 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 60 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 165,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:14.0 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2209, Alliant Reloder-19 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen ReloadSwiss RS 70, ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Reloder-17: Diese Pulver verbinden für 7.5 x 55 Swiss mit .308 | 165gr | Barnes X FN einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Als Ausreißer verbrennen ADI AR 2209, Alliant Reloder-19, Alliant Reloder-22 unvollständig und reagieren empfindlicher auf Lauflänge und Temperatur. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.