Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .338 Rem. Ultra Mag. mit Geschoss .338 | 200gr | NorthFork Bonded Core und 87 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Norma MRP, Vihtavuori N560 und ReloadSwiss RS 70.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,818 bar | 87% | 859 m/s | 98.9% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,763 bar | 86% | 873 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,793 bar | 86% | 856 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,877 bar | 88% | 888 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate MAGPRO | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,919 bar | 89% | 915 m/s | 96.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,772 bar | 86% | 865 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,939 bar | 90% | 901 m/s | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,788 bar | 86% | 899 m/s | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,837 bar | 87% | 871 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,843 bar | 87% | 878 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,915 bar | 89% | 904 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,755 bar | 85% | 895 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,900 bar | 89% | 897 m/s | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,745 bar | 85% | 899 m/s | 98.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,785 bar | 86% | 893 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,276 bar | 74% | 873 m/s | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,816 bar | 87% | 919 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,659 bar | 83% | 892 m/s | 98.2% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,917 bar | 89% | 877 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,745 bar | 85% | 899 m/s | 98.5% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,852 bar | 88% | 872 m/s | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon H1000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,258 bar | 74% | 854 m/s | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,929 bar | 89% | 882 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,760 bar | 85% | 887 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,968 bar | 90% | 890 m/s | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon H4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,797 bar | 86% | 882 m/s | 96.7% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,980 bar | 90% | 894 m/s | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,951 bar | 90% | 881 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,217 bar | 73% | 884 m/s | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,793 bar | 86% | 897 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,523 bar | 57% | 558 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,970 bar | 90% | 874 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,901 bar | 89% | 870 m/s | 99.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,941 bar | 90% | 882 m/s | 99.3% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,969 bar | 90% | 881 m/s | 99.5% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,901 bar | 89% | 885 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,945 bar | 90% | 886 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,884 bar | 88% | 878 m/s | 97.1% |
| IMR 7828 SSCᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,878 bar | 88% | 910 m/s | 97.7% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,759 bar | 85% | 858 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,753 bar | 85% | 864 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,848 bar | 87% | 876 m/s | 99.5% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,344 bar | 76% | 845 m/s | 99.2% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,795 bar | 86% | 874 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,763 bar | 86% | 882 m/s | 98.2% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,716 bar | 84% | 905 m/s | 99.4% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,776 bar | 86% | 883 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,862 bar | 88% | 880 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grandᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,924 bar | 89% | 914 m/s | 98.2% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,958 bar | 90% | 899 m/s | 99.9% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,518 bar | 80% | 875 m/s | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,571 bar | 58% | 571 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,920 bar | 89% | 877 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,703 bar | 84% | 892 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,873 bar | 88% | 894 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,763 bar | 86% | 902 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,243 bar | 74% | 884 m/s | 98.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,882 bar | 88% | 862 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,922 bar | 89% | 875 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,796 bar | 86% | 875 m/s | 97.4% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,850 bar | 88% | 893 m/s | 98.7% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,852 bar | 88% | 872 m/s | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,753 bar | 85% | 864 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,759 bar | 85% | 858 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,848 bar | 87% | 876 m/s | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,783 bar | 86% | 877 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,952 bar | 90% | 839 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,968 bar | 90% | 865 m/s | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,818 bar | 87% | 892 m/s | 98.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,900 bar | 89% | 873 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,933 bar | 89% | 873 m/s | 97% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,754 bar | 85% | 883 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,901 bar | 89% | 885 m/s | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,914 bar | 89% | 849 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,926 bar | 89% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,752 bar | 85% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,914 bar | 89% | 881 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,853 bar | 88% | 877 m/s | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,808 bar | 87% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,854 bar | 88% | 882 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,961 bar | 90% | 901 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,724 bar | 85% | 902 m/s | 96.9% |
| Vihtavuori N565ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,436 bar | 78% | 875 m/s | 96.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,904 bar | 89% | 869 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,777 bar | 86% | 887 m/s | 99.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,516 bar | 80% | 914 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,923 bar | 89% | 884 m/s | 98.6% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,568 bar | 81% | 842 m/s | 98.4% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,319 bar | 53% | 755 m/s | 95.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,562 bar | 81% | 841 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,741 bar | 62% | 803 m/s | 98.8% |
| Accurate MAGPRO | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,398 bar | 77% | 877 m/s | 95% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,333 bar | 76% | 834 m/s | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,019 bar | 69% | 831 m/s | 95.8% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,304 bar | 75% | 862 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,386 bar | 77% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,613 bar | 82% | 863 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,642 bar | 60% | 806 m/s | 98.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,023 bar | 69% | 843 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,815 bar | 64% | 812 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,843 bar | 65% | 827 m/s | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,954 bar | 44% | 731 m/s | 96.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,220 bar | 50% | 767 m/s | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,099 bar | 48% | 764 m/s | 95.3% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,005 bar | 68% | 841 m/s | 96% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,424 bar | 78% | 845 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,843 bar | 65% | 827 m/s | 95.3% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,992 bar | 68% | 807 m/s | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon H1000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,039 bar | 69% | 835 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,441 bar | 78% | 849 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,868 bar | 65% | 817 m/s | 97% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,064 bar | 70% | 823 m/s | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon H4831 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,307 bar | 75% | 847 m/s | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,467 bar | 79% | 859 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,476 bar | 56% | 773 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,814 bar | 64% | 845 m/s | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,807 bar | 64% | 819 m/s | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,885 bar | 43% | 500 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,503 bar | 80% | 844 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,657 bar | 83% | 853 m/s | 99.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,692 bar | 61% | 785 m/s | 95.6% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,090 bar | 70% | 816 m/s | 97.6% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,625 bar | 60% | 788 m/s | 98.5% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,707 bar | 84% | 871 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,425 bar | 78% | 846 m/s | 95.6% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,152 bar | 72% | 853 m/s | 95.1% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,520 bar | 80% | 843 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,924 bar | 66% | 802 m/s | 98.3% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,801 bar | 64% | 795 m/s | 96.9% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,260 bar | 51% | 749 m/s | 95% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,568 bar | 81% | 859 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,057 bar | 69% | 827 m/s | 95.9% |
| Norma MRP | 83.8 gr | 5.43 g | 86% | 2,607 bar | 59% | 812 m/s | 95.7% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,714 bar | 62% | 801 m/s | 98.6% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,604 bar | 82% | 864 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,152 bar | 72% | 855 m/s | 95.5% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,634 bar | 60% | 796 m/s | 96.9% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,810 bar | 64% | 818 m/s | 96% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,922 bar | 44% | 512 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,437 bar | 78% | 844 m/s | 99.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,211 bar | 73% | 859 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,735 bar | 62% | 808 m/s | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | 79.5 gr | 5.15 g | 80% | 2,632 bar | 60% | 809 m/s | 98% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,605 bar | 59% | 820 m/s | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,648 bar | 83% | 847 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,225 bar | 73% | 829 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,128 bar | 71% | 825 m/s | 95.1% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,942 bar | 67% | 824 m/s | 95.8% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,992 bar | 68% | 807 m/s | 96.8% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,924 bar | 66% | 802 m/s | 98.3% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,520 bar | 80% | 843 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,801 bar | 64% | 795 m/s | 96.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,303 bar | 75% | 845 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,280 bar | 75% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,855 bar | 65% | 784 m/s | 97% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,916 bar | 66% | 822 m/s | 95.7% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,236 bar | 74% | 829 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,437 bar | 78% | 838 m/s | 95.4% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,477 bar | 56% | 788 m/s | 99.9% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,621 bar | 60% | 785 m/s | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,672 bar | 83% | 835 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,690 bar | 84% | 839 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,093 bar | 70% | 807 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,811 bar | 64% | 800 m/s | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,758 bar | 63% | 794 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,571 bar | 81% | 837 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,774 bar | 63% | 800 m/s | 98.6% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,164 bar | 49% | 754 m/s | 96.9% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | 89.6 gr | 5.81 g | 92% | 3,240 bar | 74% | 865 m/s | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N565 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,203 bar | 73% | 856 m/s | 95.2% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,756 bar | 63% | 790 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,875 bar | 65% | 817 m/s | 97% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,728 bar | 39% | 722 m/s | 95.6% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,953 bar | 67% | 813 m/s | 95.7% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 87 Pulver für das Kaliber .338 Rem. Ultra Mag. mit dem Geschoss .338 | 200gr | NorthFork Bonded Core. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Reloder-26 mit 919 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 558 m/s und 919 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Alliant Reloder-23 mit 100 %, und 87 der 87 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (440 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 57 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 200,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.338" wird ein Drall von 1:17.0 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Alliant Reloder-23, Alliant Reloder-25, Bofors RP15 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Norma MRP, Vihtavuori N560, ReloadSwiss RS 70: Diese Pulver verbinden für .338 Rem. Ultra Mag. mit .338 | 200gr | NorthFork Bonded Core einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.