Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .308 Win. mit Geschoss .308 | 172gr | Speer Impact und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R und Hodgdon BL-C2.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,676 bar | 89% | 744 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,610 bar | 87% | 762 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,700 bar | 89% | 785 m/s | 97.6% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,728 bar | 90% | 788 m/s | 98% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,507 bar | 85% | 768 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2495ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,521 bar | 85% | 776 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,548 bar | 85% | 782 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,265 bar | 79% | 771 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,755 bar | 90% | 751 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,568 bar | 86% | 743 m/s | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,526 bar | 85% | 780 m/s | 98% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,585 bar | 86% | 746 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,389 bar | 82% | 764 m/s | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,681 bar | 89% | 783 m/s | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,736 bar | 90% | 784 m/s | 99.3% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,601 bar | 87% | 782 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,568 bar | 86% | 798 m/s | 98.7% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MRᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,741 bar | 90% | 821 m/s | 97.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,244 bar | 78% | 769 m/s | 98.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,630 bar | 87% | 766 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,552 bar | 86% | 789 m/s | 97.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-17ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,894 bar | 70% | 760 m/s | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,656 bar | 88% | 750 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,647 bar | 88% | 750 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,748 bar | 90% | 799 m/s | 97.4% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,242 bar | 78% | 772 m/s | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,714 bar | 89% | 770 m/s | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,590 bar | 87% | 792 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,733 bar | 90% | 816 m/s | 98% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,569 bar | 86% | 776 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,641 bar | 88% | 783 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,671 bar | 88% | 751 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,549 bar | 86% | 784 m/s | 98.5% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolutionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,661 bar | 88% | 806 m/s | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,307 bar | 56% | 459 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,668 bar | 88% | 785 m/s | 98.7% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,658 bar | 88% | 797 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,568 bar | 86% | 774 m/s | 97.6% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,715 bar | 90% | 757 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,634 bar | 88% | 798 m/s | 98.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,736 bar | 90% | 784 m/s | 99.3% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,543 bar | 85% | 771 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,511 bar | 85% | 769 m/s | 99.4% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,626 bar | 87% | 790 m/s | 99.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,639 bar | 88% | 765 m/s | 98.2% |
| Lovex S062ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,491 bar | 84% | 774 m/s | 99% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,647 bar | 88% | 760 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,677 bar | 89% | 781 m/s | 99.2% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,678 bar | 89% | 785 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203Bᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,485 bar | 84% | 785 m/s | 98% |
| Ramshot Big Gameᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,521 bar | 85% | 791 m/s | 97.7% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,707 bar | 89% | 794 m/s | 98.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,664 bar | 88% | 773 m/s | 98% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,321 bar | 56% | 470 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,754 bar | 90% | 784 m/s | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,754 bar | 90% | 821 m/s | 98.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,094 bar | 75% | 782 m/s | 99.1% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,738 bar | 90% | 779 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,682 bar | 89% | 779 m/s | 99.2% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,012 bar | 73% | 753 m/s | 97.3% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,543 bar | 85% | 771 m/s | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,626 bar | 87% | 790 m/s | 99.9% |
| Shooters World Precisionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,491 bar | 84% | 774 m/s | 99% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,552 bar | 86% | 761 m/s | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,635 bar | 88% | 677 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,707 bar | 89% | 785 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,184 bar | 77% | 770 m/s | 96.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,706 bar | 89% | 771 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,625 bar | 87% | 778 m/s | 96.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,653 bar | 88% | 787 m/s | 98.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,672 bar | 88% | 758 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,345 bar | 81% | 741 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,593 bar | 87% | 783 m/s | 99.3% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,567 bar | 86% | 757 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,592 bar | 87% | 779 m/s | 97.9% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,094 bar | 75% | 755 m/s | 97.3% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,584 bar | 86% | 732 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,660 bar | 88% | 752 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,631 bar | 87% | 755 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,537 bar | 85% | 773 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,720 bar | 90% | 779 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,990 bar | 72% | 739 m/s | 98.2% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,553 bar | 86% | 771 m/s | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N540ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,582 bar | 86% | 778 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,666 bar | 88% | 798 m/s | 99.7% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,603 bar | 87% | 790 m/s | 98.6% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,437 bar | 83% | 730 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,335 bar | 56% | 673 m/s | 99.6% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,048 bar | 73% | 740 m/s | 95.6% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,018 bar | 73% | 740 m/s | 96% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,505 bar | 60% | 695 m/s | 98.1% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,828 bar | 44% | 643 m/s | 98.3% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,201 bar | 53% | 679 m/s | 96.5% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,733 bar | 42% | 635 m/s | 95% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,951 bar | 71% | 701 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,977 bar | 72% | 704 m/s | 99% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,759 bar | 66% | 724 m/s | 95.5% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,163 bar | 76% | 721 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,008 bar | 72% | 737 m/s | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,823 bar | 68% | 726 m/s | 99.7% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,424 bar | 58% | 687 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,148 bar | 52% | 679 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | 33.3 gr | 2.16 g | 80% | 2,585 bar | 62% | 723 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,079 bar | 74% | 772 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,539 bar | 61% | 714 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,683 bar | 65% | 704 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,943 bar | 71% | 745 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,729 bar | 66% | 745 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,240 bar | 78% | 725 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,828 bar | 68% | 698 m/s | 99.8% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,074 bar | 74% | 753 m/s | 95.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,473 bar | 60% | 713 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,449 bar | 59% | 676 m/s | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | 36.3 gr | 2.35 g | 82% | 2,236 bar | 54% | 687 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | 39 gr | 2.53 g | 86% | 2,855 bar | 69% | 752 m/s | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,566 bar | 62% | 705 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,611 bar | 63% | 711 m/s | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,250 bar | 78% | 725 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,608 bar | 63% | 713 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,476 bar | 60% | 714 m/s | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,708 bar | 41% | 409 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,541 bar | 61% | 702 m/s | 95% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,060 bar | 50% | 674 m/s | 98.3% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,798 bar | 67% | 719 m/s | 95% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,760 bar | 67% | 697 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,643 bar | 64% | 725 m/s | 95.2% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,424 bar | 58% | 687 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,077 bar | 74% | 741 m/s | 99.1% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,494 bar | 60% | 695 m/s | 96.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,974 bar | 48% | 660 m/s | 95.2% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,698 bar | 65% | 697 m/s | 95.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,408 bar | 58% | 692 m/s | 95.6% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,040 bar | 73% | 723 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,392 bar | 58% | 685 m/s | 95.4% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,085 bar | 50% | 662 m/s | 96.6% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,713 bar | 65% | 728 m/s | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,904 bar | 70% | 747 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,838 bar | 68% | 733 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,826 bar | 68% | 715 m/s | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,708 bar | 41% | 419 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,553 bar | 62% | 699 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,866 bar | 69% | 757 m/s | 95.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,259 bar | 54% | 702 m/s | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,341 bar | 56% | 675 m/s | 97.5% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,411 bar | 58% | 685 m/s | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,468 bar | 59% | 710 m/s | 95.1% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,077 bar | 74% | 741 m/s | 99.1% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,974 bar | 48% | 660 m/s | 95.2% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,408 bar | 58% | 692 m/s | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,722 bar | 66% | 703 m/s | 96.3% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,266 bar | 79% | 657 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,858 bar | 69% | 728 m/s | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,789 bar | 67% | 739 m/s | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,726 bar | 66% | 707 m/s | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,406 bar | 82% | 764 m/s | 95.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,656 bar | 64% | 715 m/s | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,248 bar | 54% | 654 m/s | 97.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,821 bar | 44% | 616 m/s | 96.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,403 bar | 58% | 693 m/s | 95.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,205 bar | 53% | 655 m/s | 97.9% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,740 bar | 66% | 719 m/s | 95.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,577 bar | 62% | 714 m/s | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,163 bar | 76% | 708 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,559 bar | 62% | 680 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,236 bar | 54% | 657 m/s | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,891 bar | 46% | 646 m/s | 98.4% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,973 bar | 48% | 645 m/s | 96.3% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,314 bar | 56% | 684 m/s | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,411 bar | 58% | 685 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,893 bar | 46% | 640 m/s | 95.2% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,161 bar | 52% | 678 m/s | 95% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,585 bar | 62% | 715 m/s | 95.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 86 Pulver für das Kaliber .308 Win. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 172gr | Speer Impact. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR mit 821 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 459 m/s und 821 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 2495 mit 100 %, und 86 der 86 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (415 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 56 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 172,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:11.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 2495, Accurate 4064, ADI AR 2208 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R, Hodgdon BL-C2: Diese Pulver verbinden für .308 Win. mit .308 | 172gr | Speer Impact einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.