Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .308 Win. mit Geschoss .308 | 168gr | Frontier PH HPFB und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R und Winchester 748.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,645 bar | 88% | 752 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,565 bar | 86% | 770 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,661 bar | 88% | 793 m/s | 97.3% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,679 bar | 89% | 795 m/s | 97.7% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,700 bar | 89% | 789 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2495ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,464 bar | 83% | 783 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,743 bar | 90% | 803 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,213 bar | 77% | 777 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,697 bar | 89% | 758 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,728 bar | 90% | 763 m/s | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,723 bar | 90% | 803 m/s | 98.2% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,752 bar | 90% | 766 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,348 bar | 81% | 771 m/s | 96.5% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,637 bar | 88% | 790 m/s | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,717 bar | 90% | 793 m/s | 99.1% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,548 bar | 85% | 790 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,524 bar | 85% | 806 m/s | 98.5% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MRᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,710 bar | 89% | 828 m/s | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,219 bar | 78% | 777 m/s | 97.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,596 bar | 87% | 774 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,498 bar | 84% | 795 m/s | 97.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,625 bar | 87% | 758 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,605 bar | 87% | 758 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,691 bar | 89% | 805 m/s | 97.1% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,185 bar | 77% | 778 m/s | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,674 bar | 89% | 777 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,558 bar | 86% | 800 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,701 bar | 89% | 824 m/s | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,752 bar | 90% | 797 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,590 bar | 87% | 790 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,618 bar | 87% | 758 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,745 bar | 90% | 806 m/s | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolutionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,601 bar | 87% | 812 m/s | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,300 bar | 55% | 465 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,647 bar | 88% | 794 m/s | 98.4% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,601 bar | 87% | 805 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,520 bar | 85% | 780 m/s | 97.2% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,658 bar | 88% | 764 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,582 bar | 86% | 805 m/s | 98.1% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,717 bar | 90% | 793 m/s | 99.1% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,751 bar | 90% | 794 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,711 bar | 89% | 791 m/s | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,564 bar | 86% | 796 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,746 bar | 90% | 736 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,598 bar | 87% | 771 m/s | 97.9% |
| Lovex S062ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,439 bar | 83% | 781 m/s | 98.7% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,611 bar | 87% | 768 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,626 bar | 87% | 788 m/s | 99% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,625 bar | 87% | 792 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203Bᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,435 bar | 83% | 792 m/s | 97.6% |
| Ramshot Big Gameᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,489 bar | 84% | 799 m/s | 97.4% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,652 bar | 88% | 800 m/s | 98% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,614 bar | 87% | 780 m/s | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,312 bar | 56% | 476 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,708 bar | 89% | 791 m/s | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,693 bar | 89% | 827 m/s | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,073 bar | 74% | 789 m/s | 98.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,695 bar | 89% | 786 m/s | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 902ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,630 bar | 87% | 786 m/s | 99% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,960 bar | 71% | 759 m/s | 96.9% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,751 bar | 90% | 794 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,564 bar | 86% | 796 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Precisionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,439 bar | 83% | 781 m/s | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,514 bar | 85% | 768 m/s | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,595 bar | 87% | 684 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,660 bar | 88% | 792 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,139 bar | 76% | 776 m/s | 96.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,668 bar | 88% | 779 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,595 bar | 87% | 785 m/s | 95.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,596 bar | 87% | 793 m/s | 97.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,631 bar | 87% | 765 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,331 bar | 80% | 750 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,545 bar | 85% | 789 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,734 bar | 90% | 777 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,534 bar | 85% | 785 m/s | 97.6% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,047 bar | 73% | 760 m/s | 96.9% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,746 bar | 90% | 751 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,626 bar | 87% | 760 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,590 bar | 87% | 763 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,514 bar | 85% | 782 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,666 bar | 88% | 786 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,943 bar | 71% | 745 m/s | 97.9% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,754 bar | 90% | 793 m/s | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N540ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,529 bar | 85% | 785 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,609 bar | 87% | 805 m/s | 99.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,547 bar | 85% | 796 m/s | 98.3% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,409 bar | 82% | 738 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,315 bar | 56% | 680 m/s | 99.4% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,022 bar | 73% | 747 m/s | 95.2% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,980 bar | 72% | 746 m/s | 95.5% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,476 bar | 60% | 702 m/s | 97.8% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,791 bar | 43% | 647 m/s | 97.9% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,176 bar | 52% | 685 m/s | 96.1% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,808 bar | 44% | 652 m/s | 95.3% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,911 bar | 70% | 707 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,935 bar | 71% | 710 m/s | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,727 bar | 66% | 730 m/s | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,140 bar | 76% | 730 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,971 bar | 72% | 743 m/s | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,770 bar | 67% | 732 m/s | 99.5% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,401 bar | 58% | 693 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,126 bar | 51% | 687 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | 33.5 gr | 2.17 g | 80% | 2,539 bar | 61% | 728 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,245 bar | 78% | 794 m/s | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,505 bar | 60% | 720 m/s | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,661 bar | 64% | 712 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,902 bar | 70% | 751 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,216 bar | 77% | 734 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,801 bar | 67% | 705 m/s | 99.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,236 bar | 78% | 774 m/s | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,436 bar | 59% | 718 m/s | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,412 bar | 58% | 681 m/s | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,364 bar | 57% | 709 m/s | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | 40.2 gr | 2.60 g | 88% | 3,007 bar | 72% | 774 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,542 bar | 61% | 713 m/s | 99% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,564 bar | 62% | 716 m/s | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,207 bar | 77% | 732 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,581 bar | 62% | 720 m/s | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,609 bar | 63% | 735 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,705 bar | 41% | 415 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,666 bar | 64% | 721 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,023 bar | 49% | 679 m/s | 97.9% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,938 bar | 71% | 739 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,744 bar | 66% | 705 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,790 bar | 67% | 747 m/s | 95.5% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,401 bar | 58% | 693 m/s | 95% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,042 bar | 73% | 748 m/s | 98.9% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,462 bar | 59% | 701 m/s | 96.5% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,076 bar | 50% | 679 m/s | 95.5% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,550 bar | 86% | 726 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,833 bar | 68% | 716 m/s | 95.5% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,380 bar | 57% | 698 m/s | 95.1% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,991 bar | 72% | 730 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,365 bar | 57% | 691 m/s | 95% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,063 bar | 50% | 668 m/s | 96.2% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,845 bar | 69% | 748 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,864 bar | 69% | 752 m/s | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,799 bar | 67% | 739 m/s | 95.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,795 bar | 67% | 721 m/s | 95.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,705 bar | 41% | 425 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,528 bar | 61% | 705 m/s | 97.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,026 bar | 73% | 779 m/s | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,380 bar | 57% | 723 m/s | 95.7% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,322 bar | 56% | 682 m/s | 97.2% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,386 bar | 57% | 691 m/s | 95.1% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,587 bar | 62% | 729 m/s | 95.4% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,042 bar | 73% | 748 m/s | 98.9% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,076 bar | 50% | 679 m/s | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,380 bar | 57% | 698 m/s | 95.1% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,671 bar | 64% | 707 m/s | 95.9% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,235 bar | 78% | 665 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,806 bar | 68% | 733 m/s | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,936 bar | 71% | 760 m/s | 95.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,684 bar | 65% | 713 m/s | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,353 bar | 81% | 770 m/s | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,802 bar | 68% | 736 m/s | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,213 bar | 53% | 659 m/s | 96.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,792 bar | 43% | 620 m/s | 95.6% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,373 bar | 57% | 699 m/s | 95.3% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,170 bar | 52% | 660 m/s | 97.6% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,890 bar | 70% | 740 m/s | 95.5% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,703 bar | 65% | 733 m/s | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,145 bar | 76% | 717 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,520 bar | 61% | 686 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,201 bar | 53% | 662 m/s | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,860 bar | 45% | 650 m/s | 98.1% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,954 bar | 47% | 651 m/s | 95.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,284 bar | 55% | 689 m/s | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,385 bar | 57% | 692 m/s | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,988 bar | 48% | 659 m/s | 95.5% |
| Winchester 748 | 36 gr | 2.33 g | 82% | 2,284 bar | 55% | 700 m/s | 95.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,555 bar | 62% | 721 m/s | 95% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 86 Pulver für das Kaliber .308 Win. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 168gr | Frontier PH HPFB. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR mit 828 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 465 m/s und 828 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 2495 mit 100 %, und 86 der 86 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (415 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 55 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 168,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:12.0 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 2495, Accurate 4064, ADI AR 2208 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R, Winchester 748: Diese Pulver verbinden für .308 Win. mit .308 | 168gr | Frontier PH HPFB einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.