Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .308 Win. mit Geschoss .308 | 166gr | Hammer Stone Hammer und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R und Winchester 748.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,622 bar | 87% | 760 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,514 bar | 85% | 777 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,636 bar | 88% | 802 m/s | 97.3% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,657 bar | 88% | 804 m/s | 97.7% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,658 bar | 88% | 797 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2495ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,388 bar | 82% | 789 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,723 bar | 90% | 812 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,146 bar | 76% | 783 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,683 bar | 89% | 767 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,713 bar | 89% | 772 m/s | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,691 bar | 89% | 811 m/s | 98.2% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,707 bar | 89% | 773 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,321 bar | 80% | 779 m/s | 96.5% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,603 bar | 87% | 798 m/s | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,667 bar | 88% | 800 m/s | 99.1% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,534 bar | 85% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,732 bar | 90% | 830 m/s | 98.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MRᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,689 bar | 89% | 838 m/s | 97.2% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,183 bar | 77% | 784 m/s | 97.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,563 bar | 86% | 783 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,490 bar | 84% | 805 m/s | 97.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,575 bar | 86% | 766 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,591 bar | 87% | 767 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,677 bar | 89% | 814 m/s | 97.1% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,133 bar | 75% | 785 m/s | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,657 bar | 88% | 786 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,512 bar | 85% | 808 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,668 bar | 88% | 833 m/s | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,742 bar | 90% | 807 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,569 bar | 86% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,610 bar | 87% | 768 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,713 bar | 89% | 814 m/s | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolutionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,589 bar | 86% | 821 m/s | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,294 bar | 55% | 472 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,625 bar | 87% | 802 m/s | 98.5% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,582 bar | 86% | 814 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,492 bar | 84% | 789 m/s | 97.3% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,654 bar | 88% | 774 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,573 bar | 86% | 815 m/s | 98.1% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,667 bar | 88% | 800 m/s | 99.1% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,696 bar | 89% | 801 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,662 bar | 88% | 799 m/s | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,543 bar | 85% | 805 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,723 bar | 90% | 745 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,559 bar | 86% | 779 m/s | 97.9% |
| Lovex S062ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,402 bar | 82% | 789 m/s | 98.7% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,532 bar | 85% | 775 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,588 bar | 86% | 796 m/s | 99% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,595 bar | 87% | 801 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203Bᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,420 bar | 82% | 801 m/s | 97.7% |
| Ramshot Big Gameᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,468 bar | 84% | 808 m/s | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,642 bar | 88% | 810 m/s | 98.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,586 bar | 86% | 788 m/s | 97.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,301 bar | 55% | 483 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,688 bar | 89% | 800 m/s | 99.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,681 bar | 89% | 837 m/s | 97.8% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,046 bar | 73% | 797 m/s | 98.9% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,653 bar | 88% | 795 m/s | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 902ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,587 bar | 86% | 793 m/s | 99% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,911 bar | 70% | 765 m/s | 96.8% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,696 bar | 89% | 801 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,543 bar | 85% | 805 m/s | 99.8% |
| Shooters World Precisionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,402 bar | 82% | 789 m/s | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,736 bar | 90% | 792 m/s | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,755 bar | 90% | 702 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,640 bar | 88% | 801 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,117 bar | 75% | 785 m/s | 96.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,651 bar | 88% | 788 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,543 bar | 85% | 792 m/s | 95.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,590 bar | 87% | 803 m/s | 98% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,586 bar | 86% | 773 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,283 bar | 79% | 757 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,504 bar | 84% | 797 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,703 bar | 89% | 785 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,520 bar | 85% | 794 m/s | 97.7% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,009 bar | 73% | 768 m/s | 96.9% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,709 bar | 89% | 759 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,591 bar | 87% | 769 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,555 bar | 86% | 771 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,461 bar | 83% | 789 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,638 bar | 88% | 795 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,903 bar | 70% | 751 m/s | 97.8% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,727 bar | 90% | 802 m/s | 99.2% |
| Vihtavuori N540ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,511 bar | 85% | 793 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,600 bar | 87% | 814 m/s | 99.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,529 bar | 85% | 805 m/s | 98.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,389 bar | 82% | 747 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,262 bar | 55% | 685 m/s | 99.3% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,978 bar | 72% | 754 m/s | 95.1% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,940 bar | 71% | 754 m/s | 95.5% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,423 bar | 58% | 707 m/s | 97.7% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,707 bar | 41% | 648 m/s | 97.5% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,108 bar | 51% | 688 m/s | 95.8% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 1,861 bar | 45% | 669 m/s | 95.7% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,881 bar | 69% | 714 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,909 bar | 70% | 718 m/s | 98.7% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,684 bar | 65% | 737 m/s | 95% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,080 bar | 74% | 736 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,929 bar | 71% | 750 m/s | 95.1% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,749 bar | 66% | 740 m/s | 99.5% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,516 bar | 61% | 714 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,081 bar | 50% | 692 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | 34.4 gr | 2.23 g | 80% | 2,511 bar | 61% | 736 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,206 bar | 77% | 802 m/s | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,459 bar | 59% | 726 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,597 bar | 63% | 717 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,872 bar | 69% | 759 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,174 bar | 76% | 741 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,772 bar | 67% | 713 m/s | 99.7% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,222 bar | 78% | 783 m/s | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,393 bar | 58% | 724 m/s | 95% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,367 bar | 57% | 687 m/s | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,315 bar | 56% | 714 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | 41.2 gr | 2.67 g | 88% | 2,980 bar | 72% | 782 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,500 bar | 60% | 719 m/s | 99% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,528 bar | 61% | 723 m/s | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,179 bar | 77% | 740 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,699 bar | 65% | 740 m/s | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,578 bar | 62% | 743 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,690 bar | 41% | 421 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,633 bar | 63% | 729 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,978 bar | 48% | 683 m/s | 97.8% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,893 bar | 70% | 745 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,706 bar | 65% | 712 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,744 bar | 66% | 753 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,516 bar | 61% | 714 m/s | 95.7% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,972 bar | 72% | 753 m/s | 98.8% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,409 bar | 58% | 706 m/s | 96.4% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,029 bar | 49% | 683 m/s | 95.3% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,508 bar | 85% | 733 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,801 bar | 67% | 724 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,335 bar | 56% | 703 m/s | 95% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,926 bar | 71% | 736 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,447 bar | 59% | 709 m/s | 95.5% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,012 bar | 48% | 672 m/s | 96% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,811 bar | 68% | 756 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,825 bar | 68% | 759 m/s | 95.1% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,773 bar | 67% | 747 m/s | 95.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,751 bar | 66% | 727 m/s | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,684 bar | 41% | 430 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,481 bar | 60% | 711 m/s | 97.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,994 bar | 72% | 787 m/s | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,342 bar | 56% | 729 m/s | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,254 bar | 54% | 686 m/s | 97% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,486 bar | 60% | 710 m/s | 95.7% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,542 bar | 61% | 735 m/s | 95.3% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,972 bar | 72% | 753 m/s | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,029 bar | 49% | 683 m/s | 95.3% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,335 bar | 56% | 703 m/s | 95% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,639 bar | 64% | 714 m/s | 95.8% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,209 bar | 77% | 673 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,771 bar | 67% | 740 m/s | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,919 bar | 70% | 769 m/s | 95.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,651 bar | 64% | 720 m/s | 99.7% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,308 bar | 80% | 777 m/s | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,757 bar | 66% | 742 m/s | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,171 bar | 52% | 664 m/s | 96.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,752 bar | 42% | 625 m/s | 95.4% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,330 bar | 56% | 704 m/s | 95.2% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,116 bar | 51% | 665 m/s | 97.4% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,857 bar | 69% | 747 m/s | 95.5% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,643 bar | 64% | 738 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,090 bar | 74% | 724 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,482 bar | 60% | 692 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,163 bar | 52% | 668 m/s | 99% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,810 bar | 44% | 654 m/s | 97.9% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,907 bar | 46% | 655 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,235 bar | 54% | 694 m/s | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,502 bar | 60% | 712 m/s | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,948 bar | 47% | 664 m/s | 95.3% |
| Winchester 748 | 36.9 gr | 2.39 g | 82% | 2,248 bar | 54% | 706 m/s | 95.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,698 bar | 65% | 744 m/s | 95.8% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 86 Pulver für das Kaliber .308 Win. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 166gr | Hammer Stone Hammer. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR mit 838 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 472 m/s und 838 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 2495 mit 100 %, und 86 der 86 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (415 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 55 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 166,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:12.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 2495, Accurate 4064, ADI AR 2208 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R, Winchester 748: Diese Pulver verbinden für .308 Win. mit .308 | 166gr | Hammer Stone Hammer einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.