Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .308 Win. mit Geschoss .308 | 165gr | Barnes BND SPIT-FIRE und 85 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R und Winchester 748.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,521 bar | 85% | 748 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,647 bar | 88% | 779 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,522 bar | 85% | 786 m/s | 96.5% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,537 bar | 85% | 789 m/s | 96.9% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,538 bar | 85% | 783 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate 2495ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,282 bar | 79% | 777 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,580 bar | 86% | 797 m/s | 99.6% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,047 bar | 73% | 770 m/s | 99.5% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,594 bar | 87% | 755 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,628 bar | 87% | 759 m/s | 99.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,570 bar | 86% | 796 m/s | 97.5% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,621 bar | 87% | 763 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,727 bar | 90% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,566 bar | 86% | 786 m/s | 98.6% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,622 bar | 87% | 799 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,626 bar | 87% | 816 m/s | 98.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MRᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,552 bar | 86% | 818 m/s | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,071 bar | 74% | 769 m/s | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,669 bar | 88% | 783 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,351 bar | 81% | 787 m/s | 96.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,731 bar | 90% | 768 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,704 bar | 89% | 767 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,559 bar | 86% | 798 m/s | 96.2% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,034 bar | 73% | 771 m/s | 97.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,553 bar | 86% | 772 m/s | 98.9% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,627 bar | 87% | 808 m/s | 99.1% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,529 bar | 85% | 815 m/s | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,613 bar | 87% | 793 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,687 bar | 89% | 800 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,731 bar | 90% | 768 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,589 bar | 86% | 800 m/s | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolutionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,467 bar | 84% | 805 m/s | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,291 bar | 55% | 466 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGETᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,723 bar | 90% | 801 m/s | 98.3% |
| IMR 3031ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,680 bar | 89% | 814 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,373 bar | 81% | 773 m/s | 96.4% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,538 bar | 85% | 761 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4227 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,721 bar | 90% | 750 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,429 bar | 83% | 798 m/s | 97.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,566 bar | 86% | 786 m/s | 98.6% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,576 bar | 86% | 787 m/s | 99.5% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,551 bar | 86% | 785 m/s | 99.2% |
| Lovex D073.6ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,658 bar | 88% | 805 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,644 bar | 88% | 735 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,675 bar | 89% | 779 m/s | 97.7% |
| Lovex S062ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,290 bar | 79% | 774 m/s | 98.1% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,677 bar | 89% | 776 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,695 bar | 89% | 795 m/s | 98.9% |
| Norma 202ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,717 bar | 90% | 801 m/s | 99.9% |
| Norma 203Bᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,285 bar | 79% | 784 m/s | 96.8% |
| Ramshot Big Gameᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,341 bar | 81% | 790 m/s | 96.5% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,507 bar | 85% | 793 m/s | 97.3% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,715 bar | 90% | 789 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,301 bar | 55% | 477 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 36 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,754 bar | 90% | 763 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,578 bar | 86% | 787 m/s | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,538 bar | 85% | 819 m/s | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,937 bar | 71% | 778 m/s | 98% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,561 bar | 86% | 781 m/s | 99.8% |
| Rottweil R 902ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,505 bar | 84% | 780 m/s | 98.5% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,815 bar | 68% | 751 m/s | 95.9% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,576 bar | 86% | 787 m/s | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Match Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,658 bar | 88% | 805 m/s | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Precisionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,290 bar | 79% | 774 m/s | 98.1% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,606 bar | 87% | 776 m/s | 98.3% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,694 bar | 89% | 693 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,530 bar | 85% | 788 m/s | 99.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,746 bar | 90% | 787 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,698 bar | 89% | 803 m/s | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,699 bar | 89% | 772 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,182 bar | 77% | 744 m/s | 99.8% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,639 bar | 88% | 798 m/s | 98.9% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,582 bar | 86% | 771 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,641 bar | 88% | 794 m/s | 97.5% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,911 bar | 70% | 753 m/s | 96% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,620 bar | 87% | 749 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,709 bar | 89% | 769 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,653 bar | 88% | 770 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,344 bar | 81% | 776 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,512 bar | 85% | 781 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,811 bar | 68% | 737 m/s | 97% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,599 bar | 87% | 786 m/s | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N540ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,385 bar | 82% | 779 m/s | 99.6% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,706 bar | 89% | 813 m/s | 99.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Matchᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,648 bar | 88% | 805 m/s | 98.2% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,310 bar | 80% | 736 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,217 bar | 53% | 675 m/s | 98.9% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,107 bar | 75% | 756 m/s | 95.1% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,064 bar | 74% | 756 m/s | 95.4% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,379 bar | 57% | 696 m/s | 97.1% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,697 bar | 41% | 640 m/s | 97% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,065 bar | 50% | 677 m/s | 95% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 1,833 bar | 44% | 659 m/s | 95% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,812 bar | 68% | 702 m/s | 99.4% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,838 bar | 68% | 705 m/s | 98.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,977 bar | 72% | 753 m/s | 95.7% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,018 bar | 73% | 727 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,668 bar | 64% | 727 m/s | 99.1% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,615 bar | 63% | 716 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,036 bar | 49% | 681 m/s | 99.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | 33.6 gr | 2.18 g | 82% | 2,614 bar | 63% | 738 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,318 bar | 80% | 801 m/s | 95.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,712 bar | 65% | 741 m/s | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,552 bar | 61% | 707 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,967 bar | 71% | 759 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,105 bar | 75% | 730 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,697 bar | 65% | 700 m/s | 99.4% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,328 bar | 80% | 782 m/s | 95.4% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,644 bar | 64% | 740 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,488 bar | 60% | 691 m/s | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,421 bar | 58% | 717 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | 40.2 gr | 2.60 g | 90% | 3,102 bar | 75% | 784 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,444 bar | 59% | 707 m/s | 98.5% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,471 bar | 60% | 711 m/s | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,101 bar | 75% | 727 m/s | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,792 bar | 67% | 741 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,666 bar | 64% | 743 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,685 bar | 41% | 415 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,724 bar | 66% | 729 m/s | 95.1% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,938 bar | 47% | 672 m/s | 97% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,982 bar | 72% | 745 m/s | 95% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,656 bar | 64% | 702 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4227 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,521 bar | 85% | 739 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,849 bar | 69% | 755 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,615 bar | 63% | 716 m/s | 95.6% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,910 bar | 70% | 741 m/s | 98.3% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,351 bar | 57% | 694 m/s | 95.5% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,117 bar | 51% | 687 m/s | 95.3% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,452 bar | 83% | 724 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,896 bar | 70% | 724 m/s | 95.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,571 bar | 62% | 718 m/s | 95.6% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,872 bar | 69% | 725 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,554 bar | 62% | 711 m/s | 95.5% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,974 bar | 48% | 662 m/s | 95.2% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,903 bar | 70% | 756 m/s | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,120 bar | 75% | 774 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,883 bar | 69% | 748 m/s | 95.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,048 bar | 73% | 743 m/s | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,684 bar | 41% | 425 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 36 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,531 bar | 85% | 750 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,438 bar | 59% | 700 m/s | 96.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,099 bar | 75% | 787 m/s | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,440 bar | 59% | 730 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,228 bar | 54% | 675 m/s | 96.3% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,580 bar | 62% | 711 m/s | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,637 bar | 64% | 736 m/s | 95.2% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,910 bar | 70% | 741 m/s | 98.3% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,117 bar | 51% | 687 m/s | 95.3% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,571 bar | 62% | 718 m/s | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,771 bar | 67% | 718 m/s | 95.8% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,164 bar | 76% | 665 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,708 bar | 65% | 729 m/s | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,594 bar | 63% | 709 m/s | 99.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,865 bar | 69% | 744 m/s | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,145 bar | 52% | 654 m/s | 96.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,834 bar | 44% | 628 m/s | 95.4% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,432 bar | 59% | 707 m/s | 95.2% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,084 bar | 50% | 655 m/s | 96.8% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,960 bar | 71% | 747 m/s | 95.3% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,733 bar | 66% | 739 m/s | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,020 bar | 73% | 714 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,442 bar | 59% | 683 m/s | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,129 bar | 51% | 658 m/s | 98.5% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,788 bar | 43% | 645 m/s | 97.3% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,995 bar | 48% | 658 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,480 bar | 60% | 710 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,607 bar | 63% | 714 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,034 bar | 49% | 667 m/s | 95.3% |
| Winchester 748 | 36 gr | 2.33 g | 84% | 2,343 bar | 56% | 708 m/s | 95.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,790 bar | 67% | 744 m/s | 95.6% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 95 Pulver für das Kaliber .308 Win. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 165gr | Barnes BND SPIT-FIRE. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht ReloadSwiss RS 52 mit 819 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 466 m/s und 819 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 2495 mit 100 %, und 95 der 95 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (415 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 51 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 165,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:11.0 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 2495, Accurate 4064, ADI AR 2208 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R, Winchester 748: Diese Pulver verbinden für .308 Win. mit .308 | 165gr | Barnes BND SPIT-FIRE einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Als Ausreißer verbrennen Alliant Reloder-17, Hodgdon H380, IMR 4166 Enduron unvollständig und reagieren empfindlicher auf Lauflänge und Temperatur. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.