Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .308 Win. mit Geschoss .308 | 160gr | Peregrine VRG-3 Lever und 85 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R und Winchester 748.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,610 bar | 87% | 778 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,515 bar | 85% | 796 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,643 bar | 88% | 821 m/s | 97.1% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,644 bar | 88% | 822 m/s | 97.5% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,659 bar | 88% | 816 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2495ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,392 bar | 82% | 808 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,711 bar | 89% | 831 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,147 bar | 76% | 801 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,672 bar | 88% | 785 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,706 bar | 89% | 790 m/s | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,690 bar | 89% | 830 m/s | 98.1% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,715 bar | 90% | 793 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,325 bar | 80% | 797 m/s | 96.3% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,628 bar | 87% | 819 m/s | 100% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,673 bar | 89% | 819 m/s | 99% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,522 bar | 85% | 818 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,752 bar | 90% | 851 m/s | 98.8% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MRᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,690 bar | 89% | 857 m/s | 97% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,182 bar | 77% | 802 m/s | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,552 bar | 86% | 801 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,485 bar | 84% | 822 m/s | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,580 bar | 86% | 785 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,577 bar | 86% | 784 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,678 bar | 89% | 833 m/s | 96.9% |
| Bofors RP3ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,147 bar | 76% | 803 m/s | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,650 bar | 88% | 805 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,526 bar | 85% | 827 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,677 bar | 89% | 852 m/s | 97.6% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,737 bar | 90% | 826 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,574 bar | 86% | 818 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,588 bar | 86% | 786 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,713 bar | 89% | 834 m/s | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolutionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,592 bar | 87% | 841 m/s | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,282 bar | 55% | 484 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,626 bar | 87% | 821 m/s | 98.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,565 bar | 86% | 832 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,496 bar | 84% | 807 m/s | 97.1% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,660 bar | 88% | 793 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,563 bar | 86% | 833 m/s | 97.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,673 bar | 89% | 819 m/s | 99% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,688 bar | 89% | 820 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,658 bar | 88% | 817 m/s | 99.5% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,533 bar | 85% | 823 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,727 bar | 90% | 764 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,572 bar | 86% | 798 m/s | 97.7% |
| Lovex S062ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,404 bar | 82% | 807 m/s | 98.6% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,554 bar | 86% | 795 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,592 bar | 87% | 815 m/s | 98.9% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,602 bar | 87% | 820 m/s | 99.9% |
| Norma 203Bᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,416 bar | 82% | 819 m/s | 97.5% |
| Ramshot Big Gameᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,467 bar | 84% | 826 m/s | 97.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,623 bar | 87% | 827 m/s | 97.9% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,585 bar | 86% | 807 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,286 bar | 55% | 496 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,704 bar | 89% | 820 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,662 bar | 88% | 855 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,048 bar | 73% | 815 m/s | 98.7% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,647 bar | 88% | 813 m/s | 99.9% |
| Rottweil R 902ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,594 bar | 87% | 812 m/s | 98.9% |
| Rottweil R 903ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,907 bar | 70% | 782 m/s | 96.6% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,688 bar | 89% | 820 m/s | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,533 bar | 85% | 823 m/s | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Precisionᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,404 bar | 82% | 807 m/s | 98.6% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,742 bar | 90% | 811 m/s | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,556 bar | 86% | 710 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,655 bar | 88% | 821 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,102 bar | 75% | 801 m/s | 96.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,639 bar | 88% | 807 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,578 bar | 86% | 821 m/s | 97.8% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,587 bar | 86% | 791 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,293 bar | 79% | 776 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,527 bar | 85% | 817 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,709 bar | 89% | 804 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,528 bar | 85% | 813 m/s | 97.5% |
| Somchem S355ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,009 bar | 73% | 785 m/s | 96.7% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,715 bar | 90% | 778 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,576 bar | 86% | 787 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,554 bar | 86% | 790 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,474 bar | 84% | 808 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,633 bar | 88% | 813 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,903 bar | 70% | 769 m/s | 97.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,731 bar | 90% | 821 m/s | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N540ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,523 bar | 85% | 812 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,593 bar | 87% | 833 m/s | 99.5% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,540 bar | 85% | 824 m/s | 98.2% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 1680 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,385 bar | 82% | 765 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,254 bar | 54% | 701 m/s | 99.2% |
| Accurate 2200 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,187 bar | 77% | 788 m/s | 95.7% |
| Accurate 2230 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,949 bar | 71% | 772 m/s | 95.3% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,418 bar | 58% | 723 m/s | 97.5% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,715 bar | 41% | 663 m/s | 97.3% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,120 bar | 51% | 705 m/s | 95.6% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 1,861 bar | 45% | 684 m/s | 95.5% |
| Accurate LT-30 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,873 bar | 69% | 731 m/s | 99.6% |
| Accurate LT-32 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,899 bar | 70% | 734 m/s | 98.6% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,870 bar | 69% | 769 m/s | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2207 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,079 bar | 74% | 755 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,115 bar | 75% | 782 m/s | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2219 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,747 bar | 66% | 757 m/s | 99.4% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,514 bar | 61% | 730 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,076 bar | 50% | 707 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | 36.3 gr | 2.35 g | 82% | 2,673 bar | 64% | 768 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,215 bar | 77% | 821 m/s | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,626 bar | 63% | 757 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,593 bar | 62% | 734 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,056 bar | 74% | 791 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,163 bar | 76% | 759 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,762 bar | 67% | 729 m/s | 99.6% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,216 bar | 77% | 800 m/s | 95.5% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,557 bar | 62% | 755 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,377 bar | 57% | 704 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,315 bar | 56% | 730 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | 42.5 gr | 2.75 g | 88% | 2,987 bar | 72% | 800 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,505 bar | 60% | 736 m/s | 98.8% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,541 bar | 61% | 741 m/s | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon H4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,173 bar | 76% | 758 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,703 bar | 65% | 758 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,570 bar | 62% | 759 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,677 bar | 40% | 431 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,638 bar | 64% | 746 m/s | 95.1% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,974 bar | 48% | 699 m/s | 97.5% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,892 bar | 70% | 762 m/s | 95% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,710 bar | 65% | 730 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,760 bar | 67% | 771 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,514 bar | 61% | 730 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex D073.4 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,984 bar | 72% | 772 m/s | 98.7% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,401 bar | 58% | 722 m/s | 96.1% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,023 bar | 49% | 698 m/s | 95% |
| Lovex S053 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,516 bar | 85% | 753 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,792 bar | 67% | 740 m/s | 95.2% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,486 bar | 60% | 734 m/s | 95.5% |
| Norma 200 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,937 bar | 71% | 754 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,460 bar | 59% | 726 m/s | 95.3% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,019 bar | 49% | 689 m/s | 95.8% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,802 bar | 68% | 772 m/s | 95.4% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,029 bar | 73% | 793 m/s | 95.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,782 bar | 67% | 764 m/s | 95.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,952 bar | 71% | 761 m/s | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,690 bar | 41% | 443 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,484 bar | 60% | 728 m/s | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,994 bar | 72% | 805 m/s | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,330 bar | 56% | 743 m/s | 95.2% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,251 bar | 54% | 702 m/s | 96.7% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,479 bar | 60% | 726 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,551 bar | 61% | 752 m/s | 95.1% |
| Shooters World AR Plus | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,984 bar | 72% | 772 m/s | 98.7% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,023 bar | 49% | 698 m/s | 95% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,486 bar | 60% | 734 m/s | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,630 bar | 63% | 730 m/s | 95.5% |
| SNPE Vectan BA6 1/2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,212 bar | 77% | 690 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 10 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,786 bar | 67% | 759 m/s | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,908 bar | 70% | 785 m/s | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,646 bar | 64% | 737 m/s | 99.6% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,769 bar | 67% | 760 m/s | 95.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,167 bar | 52% | 680 m/s | 96.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,749 bar | 42% | 639 m/s | 95.1% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,497 bar | 60% | 736 m/s | 95.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,124 bar | 51% | 681 m/s | 97.2% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,860 bar | 69% | 764 m/s | 95.3% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,654 bar | 64% | 756 m/s | 95.3% |
| Vihtavuori N120 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,088 bar | 74% | 742 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,477 bar | 60% | 709 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,159 bar | 52% | 684 m/s | 98.8% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,806 bar | 44% | 669 m/s | 97.6% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,911 bar | 46% | 671 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,387 bar | 58% | 725 m/s | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,495 bar | 60% | 728 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,943 bar | 47% | 679 m/s | 95% |
| Winchester 748 | 38 gr | 2.46 g | 82% | 2,238 bar | 54% | 721 m/s | 95.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,686 bar | 65% | 759 m/s | 95.5% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 98 Pulver für das Kaliber .308 Win. mit dem Geschoss .308 | 160gr | Peregrine VRG-3 Lever. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR mit 857 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 484 m/s und 857 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 2495 mit 100 %, und 98 der 98 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (415 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 52 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 160,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.308" wird ein Drall von 1:13.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 2495, Accurate 2700, Accurate 4064 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Hodgdon CFE223, Alliant Power Pro 1200-R, Winchester 748: Diese Pulver verbinden für .308 Win. mit .308 | 160gr | Peregrine VRG-3 Lever einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Als Ausreißer verbrennen Accurate 2700, Hodgdon Hybrid 100V, IMR 4166 Enduron unvollständig und reagieren empfindlicher auf Lauflänge und Temperatur. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.