Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .30-06 R Stief mit Geschoss .311 | 150gr | Norma Semi Soft Point und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR und ReloadSwiss RS 52.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,552 bar | 88% | 848 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,427 bar | 85% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,614 bar | 89% | 865 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,540 bar | 87% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,594 bar | 89% | 877 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,297 bar | 81% | 875 m/s | 97.4% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,479 bar | 86% | 870 m/s | 98.8% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,552 bar | 88% | 869 m/s | 98.4% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,656 bar | 90% | 874 m/s | 99.7% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,656 bar | 90% | 871 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,530 bar | 87% | 890 m/s | 99.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,427 bar | 85% | 899 m/s | 98.1% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,501 bar | 86% | 876 m/s | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,549 bar | 88% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,567 bar | 88% | 883 m/s | 98.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,264 bar | 81% | 877 m/s | 97.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,529 bar | 87% | 908 m/s | 99.4% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,449 bar | 85% | 872 m/s | 97.9% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,522 bar | 87% | 880 m/s | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,581 bar | 88% | 856 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,588 bar | 89% | 882 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,440 bar | 85% | 891 m/s | 98.4% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,469 bar | 86% | 860 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,531 bar | 87% | 866 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,622 bar | 89% | 882 m/s | 97.7% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,512 bar | 87% | 874 m/s | 99.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,988 bar | 74% | 841 m/s | 98% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,651 bar | 90% | 898 m/s | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,397 bar | 59% | 542 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,606 bar | 89% | 875 m/s | 99.3% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,461 bar | 85% | 873 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,518 bar | 87% | 865 m/s | 98.6% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,559 bar | 88% | 839 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,139 bar | 78% | 857 m/s | 96.9% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,655 bar | 90% | 893 m/s | 99.2% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,656 bar | 90% | 874 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,419 bar | 84% | 853 m/s | 99.8% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,658 bar | 90% | 881 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,497 bar | 86% | 850 m/s | 98.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,484 bar | 86% | 865 m/s | 99.6% |
| Lovex S065ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,638 bar | 90% | 874 m/s | 96.9% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,635 bar | 90% | 872 m/s | 99.7% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,643 bar | 90% | 874 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,510 bar | 87% | 879 m/s | 98.9% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,288 bar | 81% | 874 m/s | 97.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,530 bar | 87% | 885 m/s | 98.8% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,469 bar | 86% | 859 m/s | 96.6% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,632 bar | 90% | 883 m/s | 99.1% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,513 bar | 87% | 857 m/s | 98.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,423 bar | 60% | 555 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,643 bar | 90% | 871 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,665 bar | 90% | 876 m/s | 96.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,534 bar | 87% | 900 m/s | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,527 bar | 87% | 911 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,283 bar | 81% | 881 m/s | 97% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,355 bar | 83% | 887 m/s | 96.4% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,492 bar | 86% | 855 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,648 bar | 90% | 870 m/s | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,512 bar | 87% | 877 m/s | 99.3% |
| Shooters World Long Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,638 bar | 90% | 874 m/s | 96.9% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,658 bar | 90% | 881 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,484 bar | 86% | 865 m/s | 99.6% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,626 bar | 90% | 860 m/s | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,634 bar | 90% | 895 m/s | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,602 bar | 89% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,570 bar | 88% | 869 m/s | 97.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,603 bar | 89% | 877 m/s | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,553 bar | 88% | 843 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,531 bar | 87% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,498 bar | 86% | 868 m/s | 99.7% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,483 bar | 86% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,525 bar | 87% | 867 m/s | 98.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,563 bar | 88% | 877 m/s | 99.3% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,926 bar | 72% | 857 m/s | 99.1% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,545 bar | 88% | 835 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,554 bar | 88% | 840 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,604 bar | 89% | 863 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,455 bar | 85% | 852 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,654 bar | 90% | 871 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,459 bar | 85% | 874 m/s | 97.6% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,459 bar | 85% | 858 m/s | 99.5% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,562 bar | 88% | 865 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,405 bar | 84% | 875 m/s | 97.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,540 bar | 87% | 870 m/s | 99.4% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,642 bar | 90% | 887 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,573 bar | 88% | 879 m/s | 99.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,951 bar | 73% | 806 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,207 bar | 79% | 836 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,435 bar | 60% | 776 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,871 bar | 71% | 819 m/s | 99.4% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,300 bar | 57% | 770 m/s | 98.7% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,864 bar | 71% | 840 m/s | 95.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,708 bar | 67% | 804 m/s | 96.5% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,616 bar | 65% | 790 m/s | 95.2% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,846 bar | 70% | 810 m/s | 98.2% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,793 bar | 69% | 813 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,298 bar | 81% | 872 m/s | 98.9% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 52 gr | 3.37 g | 84% | 2,796 bar | 69% | 842 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,239 bar | 55% | 763 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,334 bar | 82% | 836 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,592 bar | 64% | 799 m/s | 95.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,880 bar | 71% | 843 m/s | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,525 bar | 62% | 816 m/s | 95.9% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,823 bar | 70% | 820 m/s | 95.7% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,199 bar | 54% | 762 m/s | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,987 bar | 74% | 810 m/s | 99% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,723 bar | 67% | 813 m/s | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,992 bar | 74% | 854 m/s | 97% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,240 bar | 80% | 844 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,309 bar | 82% | 851 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,980 bar | 74% | 831 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,728 bar | 67% | 809 m/s | 97.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,472 bar | 61% | 792 m/s | 95.8% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,450 bar | 60% | 795 m/s | 96.4% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,783 bar | 44% | 485 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,618 bar | 65% | 793 m/s | 96.6% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,651 bar | 65% | 811 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,580 bar | 64% | 785 m/s | 95.3% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,360 bar | 83% | 826 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,752 bar | 68% | 824 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,480 bar | 61% | 792 m/s | 95.5% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,846 bar | 70% | 810 m/s | 98.2% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,200 bar | 79% | 837 m/s | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,602 bar | 64% | 798 m/s | 98.8% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,744 bar | 68% | 788 m/s | 96.6% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,394 bar | 59% | 770 m/s | 96.5% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,230 bar | 80% | 843 m/s | 95.6% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,656 bar | 66% | 792 m/s | 97.6% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,653 bar | 66% | 797 m/s | 99.4% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,548 bar | 63% | 796 m/s | 95.8% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,887 bar | 71% | 840 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,515 bar | 62% | 797 m/s | 95.3% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,039 bar | 75% | 825 m/s | 95% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,787 bar | 69% | 814 m/s | 96.7% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,082 bar | 76% | 824 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,797 bar | 44% | 497 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,193 bar | 79% | 838 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,436 bar | 85% | 859 m/s | 95.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 49.2 gr | 3.19 g | 82% | 2,676 bar | 66% | 827 m/s | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 48.8 gr | 3.16 g | 80% | 2,077 bar | 51% | 764 m/s | 95.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,867 bar | 71% | 845 m/s | 95.3% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,137 bar | 77% | 868 m/s | 95.5% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,920 bar | 72% | 810 m/s | 99.7% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,521 bar | 62% | 777 m/s | 97.1% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,362 bar | 58% | 777 m/s | 95.7% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,230 bar | 80% | 843 m/s | 95.6% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,602 bar | 64% | 798 m/s | 98.8% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,394 bar | 59% | 770 m/s | 96.5% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,376 bar | 83% | 842 m/s | 99.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,450 bar | 60% | 793 m/s | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,382 bar | 84% | 842 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,894 bar | 71% | 815 m/s | 95% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,607 bar | 64% | 794 m/s | 96% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,768 bar | 68% | 784 m/s | 99.5% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,278 bar | 56% | 741 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,056 bar | 75% | 834 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,733 bar | 67% | 784 m/s | 99.8% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,677 bar | 66% | 798 m/s | 96.2% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,443 bar | 60% | 781 m/s | 95.8% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,120 bar | 52% | 770 m/s | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,137 bar | 77% | 808 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,778 bar | 69% | 785 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,455 bar | 61% | 777 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,516 bar | 62% | 777 m/s | 99.3% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,033 bar | 50% | 730 m/s | 95.1% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,840 bar | 70% | 824 m/s | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,842 bar | 70% | 809 m/s | 98.3% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,420 bar | 60% | 772 m/s | 98.6% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,788 bar | 69% | 824 m/s | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,375 bar | 59% | 768 m/s | 95.2% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,780 bar | 69% | 821 m/s | 98.8% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,550 bar | 63% | 794 m/s | 96.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 86 Pulver für das Kaliber .30-06 R Stief mit dem Geschoss .311 | 150gr | Norma Semi Soft Point. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht ReloadSwiss RS 60 mit 911 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 542 m/s und 911 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 4350 mit 100 %, und 86 der 86 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (405 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 59 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 150,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.311" wird ein Drall von 1:17.0 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Hodgdon Hybrid 100V erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52: Diese Pulver verbinden für .30-06 R Stief mit .311 | 150gr | Norma Semi Soft Point einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.