Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .28 Nosler mit Geschoss .284 | 100gr | Barnes Solid und 85 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Alliant Reloder-26, Alliant Reloder-17 und Alliant Reloder-16.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,849 bar | 86% | 1040 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,950 bar | 88% | 1058 m/s | 97.6% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,881 bar | 87% | 1068 m/s | 98.8% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,891 bar | 87% | 1058 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,993 bar | 89% | 1091 m/s | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 82% | 4,034 bar | 90% | 1085 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,887 bar | 87% | 1067 m/s | 99.8% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,801 bar | 85% | 1080 m/s | 96.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,853 bar | 86% | 1108 m/s | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,949 bar | 88% | 1077 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,959 bar | 88% | 1084 m/s | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 94% | 4,020 bar | 90% | 1111 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,879 bar | 87% | 1100 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 98% | 4,017 bar | 90% | 1096 m/s | 97.1% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,857 bar | 86% | 1095 m/s | 96.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,638 bar | 81% | 1074 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,168 bar | 71% | 1040 m/s | 97.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,960 bar | 88% | 1123 m/s | 99.8% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 86% | 4,037 bar | 90% | 1082 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,857 bar | 86% | 1095 m/s | 96.7% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,969 bar | 89% | 1072 m/s | 97.8% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 86% | 4,050 bar | 90% | 1086 m/s | 99.6% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,876 bar | 86% | 1087 m/s | 98.1% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,841 bar | 86% | 1073 m/s | 96.8% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 96% | 4,051 bar | 90% | 1083 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,879 bar | 87% | 1081 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,931 bar | 88% | 1097 m/s | 98% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,501 bar | 56% | 703 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,906 bar | 87% | 1071 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,834 bar | 86% | 1061 m/s | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 84% | 4,030 bar | 90% | 1073 m/s | 98.4% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,814 bar | 85% | 1062 m/s | 97.4% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,844 bar | 86% | 1063 m/s | 97.9% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 94% | 4,020 bar | 90% | 1087 m/s | 99.8% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,803 bar | 85% | 1074 m/s | 99.9% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,923 bar | 88% | 1058 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,859 bar | 86% | 1060 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,854 bar | 86% | 1062 m/s | 99% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,965 bar | 88% | 1077 m/s | 98.4% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,210 bar | 72% | 1010 m/s | 97% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,937 bar | 88% | 1066 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,993 bar | 89% | 1065 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,911 bar | 87% | 1078 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,880 bar | 87% | 1079 m/s | 96.4% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,843 bar | 86% | 1104 m/s | 98% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,889 bar | 87% | 1085 m/s | 99.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,997 bar | 89% | 1086 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,813 bar | 85% | 1081 m/s | 98.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,539 bar | 57% | 718 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 86% | 4,052 bar | 90% | 1080 m/s | 98.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 82% | 4,053 bar | 90% | 1109 m/s | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,824 bar | 85% | 1099 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 92% | 4,000 bar | 89% | 1097 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,890 bar | 87% | 1105 m/s | 99.6% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,995 bar | 89% | 1067 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 88% | 4,026 bar | 90% | 1080 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,970 bar | 89% | 1093 m/s | 97.1% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,969 bar | 89% | 1072 m/s | 97.8% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,854 bar | 86% | 1062 m/s | 99% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,859 bar | 86% | 1060 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,965 bar | 88% | 1077 m/s | 98.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,893 bar | 87% | 1080 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,947 bar | 88% | 1073 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,983 bar | 89% | 1044 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,831 bar | 85% | 1026 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,840 bar | 86% | 1044 m/s | 98% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,936 bar | 88% | 1090 m/s | 97% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,965 bar | 88% | 1041 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 88% | 4,008 bar | 89% | 1078 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,865 bar | 86% | 1086 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 98% | 4,024 bar | 90% | 1083 m/s | 98% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 82% | 4,018 bar | 90% | 1037 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 84% | 4,017 bar | 90% | 1053 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 84% | 4,039 bar | 90% | 1057 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,860 bar | 86% | 1051 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 92% | 4,034 bar | 90% | 1083 m/s | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,722 bar | 83% | 1052 m/s | 96.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,925 bar | 88% | 1053 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,985 bar | 89% | 1084 m/s | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,800 bar | 85% | 1083 m/s | 99.8% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,779 bar | 84% | 1051 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,891 bar | 87% | 1088 m/s | 98.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,340 bar | 75% | 1092 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,974 bar | 89% | 1076 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,781 bar | 84% | 1060 m/s | 96.3% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,606 bar | 80% | 1023 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,453 bar | 77% | 1016 m/s | 96% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,927 bar | 65% | 982 m/s | 95.8% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,413 bar | 76% | 1022 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,603 bar | 58% | 958 m/s | 95.8% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,778 bar | 84% | 1065 m/s | 99.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,213 bar | 72% | 1008 m/s | 98.8% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,562 bar | 79% | 1059 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,578 bar | 80% | 1084 m/s | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,245 bar | 72% | 1017 m/s | 99.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,469 bar | 77% | 1043 m/s | 99.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | 65.4 gr | 4.24 g | 80% | 2,531 bar | 56% | 963 m/s | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | 70.4 gr | 4.56 g | 80% | 2,889 bar | 64% | 1010 m/s | 98.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,527 bar | 79% | 1054 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,594 bar | 80% | 1072 m/s | 95.8% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,269 bar | 51% | 928 m/s | 95.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,766 bar | 62% | 994 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 79.4 gr | 5.15 g | 88% | 2,693 bar | 60% | 998 m/s | 96% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,290 bar | 73% | 1021 m/s | 99.8% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,594 bar | 80% | 1072 m/s | 95.8% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,278 bar | 73% | 1011 m/s | 95.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,312 bar | 74% | 1023 m/s | 98.2% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,150 bar | 70% | 1019 m/s | 95.6% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,367 bar | 75% | 1030 m/s | 95% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,354 bar | 53% | 924 m/s | 96.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,614 bar | 81% | 1059 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,133 bar | 70% | 1024 m/s | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,861 bar | 42% | 631 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,656 bar | 82% | 1050 m/s | 99.9% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,379 bar | 75% | 1023 m/s | 99.3% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,539 bar | 79% | 1031 m/s | 97.1% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,144 bar | 70% | 1001 m/s | 95% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,174 bar | 71% | 1001 m/s | 95.6% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,503 bar | 56% | 941 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,560 bar | 79% | 1053 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,692 bar | 82% | 1040 m/s | 99.9% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,393 bar | 76% | 1023 m/s | 99.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,808 bar | 63% | 962 m/s | 95.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,058 bar | 68% | 993 m/s | 95.4% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,808 bar | 63% | 969 m/s | 95.1% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,699 bar | 83% | 1047 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,738 bar | 83% | 1047 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,426 bar | 76% | 1038 m/s | 99.6% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,623 bar | 81% | 1057 m/s | 95.5% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,093 bar | 69% | 1033 m/s | 95.2% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,588 bar | 58% | 957 m/s | 95.7% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,472 bar | 77% | 1043 m/s | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,898 bar | 65% | 993 m/s | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,899 bar | 42% | 646 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,306 bar | 74% | 1015 m/s | 96.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,767 bar | 84% | 1086 m/s | 99.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,071 bar | 69% | 1035 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,595 bar | 58% | 962 m/s | 95.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,714 bar | 61% | 986 m/s | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,512 bar | 78% | 1029 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,085 bar | 69% | 1000 m/s | 99.3% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,465 bar | 77% | 1049 m/s | 95.3% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,278 bar | 73% | 1011 m/s | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,808 bar | 63% | 962 m/s | 95.5% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,393 bar | 76% | 1023 m/s | 99.9% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,058 bar | 68% | 993 m/s | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,170 bar | 71% | 1017 m/s | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,684 bar | 82% | 1053 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,738 bar | 83% | 1026 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,163 bar | 71% | 974 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,141 bar | 70% | 982 m/s | 95.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,434 bar | 77% | 1046 m/s | 95.1% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,731 bar | 83% | 1024 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,107 bar | 69% | 1001 m/s | 99.3% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,349 bar | 52% | 940 m/s | 97.9% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,282 bar | 73% | 1019 m/s | 95.5% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,774 bar | 84% | 1022 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,532 bar | 79% | 1019 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,552 bar | 79% | 1022 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,968 bar | 66% | 975 m/s | 99.7% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,682 bar | 60% | 959 m/s | 96.2% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,255 bar | 73% | 1010 m/s | 95% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,449 bar | 77% | 1017 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,659 bar | 59% | 958 m/s | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,356 bar | 53% | 936 m/s | 95% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,643 bar | 59% | 947 m/s | 98.4% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,163 bar | 71% | 1020 m/s | 95.6% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,170 bar | 48% | 940 m/s | 96.1% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,704 bar | 83% | 1055 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,518 bar | 78% | 1037 m/s | 95.3% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 102 Pulver für das Kaliber .28 Nosler mit dem Geschoss .284 | 100gr | Barnes Solid. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Reloder-26 mit 1.123 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 703 m/s und 1.123 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 3100 mit 100 %, und 102 der 102 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (448 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 56 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 100,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.284" wird ein Drall von 1:11.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2213, Alliant Reloder-22 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Alliant Reloder-26, Alliant Reloder-17, Alliant Reloder-16: Diese Pulver verbinden für .28 Nosler mit .284 | 100gr | Barnes Solid einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Als Ausreißer verbrennen Accurate MAGPRO, Baschieri & Pellagri 109, Hodgdon H1000 unvollständig und reagieren empfindlicher auf Lauflänge und Temperatur. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.