Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .223 WSSM mit Geschoss .224 | 77gr | Berger LTB und 88 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind Alliant Reloder-26, Accurate High Country und Norma MRP.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,952 bar | 90% | 954 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,750 bar | 85% | 957 m/s | 98.3% |
| Accurate 3100ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,940 bar | 90% | 990 m/s | 99.7% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,979 bar | 90% | 973 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,806 bar | 87% | 990 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate High Country | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,765 bar | 86% | 1017 m/s | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,963 bar | 90% | 983 m/s | 100% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,863 bar | 88% | 1002 m/s | 97.9% |
| ADI AR 2213ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,970 bar | 90% | 1019 m/s | 97.1% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,955 bar | 90% | 1024 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,888 bar | 88% | 1002 m/s | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,786 bar | 86% | 973 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,792 bar | 86% | 980 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,848 bar | 87% | 1009 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,966 bar | 90% | 1017 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,835 bar | 87% | 999 m/s | 97.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-22ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,914 bar | 89% | 1018 m/s | 98.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-23ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,699 bar | 84% | 994 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-25ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,223 bar | 73% | 970 m/s | 99.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,723 bar | 85% | 1022 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP15ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,586 bar | 82% | 991 m/s | 97.3% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,836 bar | 87% | 977 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,914 bar | 89% | 1018 m/s | 98.3% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,795 bar | 86% | 972 m/s | 98.5% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,880 bar | 88% | 984 m/s | 99.9% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,953 bar | 90% | 1007 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,908 bar | 89% | 992 m/s | 98.3% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,904 bar | 89% | 995 m/s | 96.2% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,870 bar | 88% | 982 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,966 bar | 90% | 996 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumboᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,151 bar | 72% | 979 m/s | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,712 bar | 84% | 997 m/s | 98.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,512 bar | 57% | 626 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,923 bar | 89% | 977 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,858 bar | 88% | 971 m/s | 99% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,883 bar | 88% | 983 m/s | 98.8% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,913 bar | 89% | 982 m/s | 99.1% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,822 bar | 87% | 986 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,894 bar | 89% | 990 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,819 bar | 87% | 977 m/s | 96.2% |
| IMR 7828 SSCᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,789 bar | 86% | 1009 m/s | 96.6% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,947 bar | 90% | 975 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,927 bar | 89% | 981 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,773 bar | 86% | 975 m/s | 99% |
| Lovex S071ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,270 bar | 74% | 939 m/s | 98.5% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,748 bar | 85% | 976 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,948 bar | 90% | 1000 m/s | 98% |
| Norma MRP | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,914 bar | 89% | 1028 m/s | 99.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,971 bar | 90% | 1003 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,815 bar | 87% | 984 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grandᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,831 bar | 87% | 1015 m/s | 97.2% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,882 bar | 88% | 1002 m/s | 99.6% |
| Ramshot Magnumᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,442 bar | 78% | 972 m/s | 97.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,559 bar | 58% | 640 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,862 bar | 88% | 978 m/s | 99.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,915 bar | 89% | 1014 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,804 bar | 86% | 996 m/s | 99.9% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,966 bar | 90% | 1025 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,178 bar | 72% | 979 m/s | 97.8% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,822 bar | 87% | 962 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,855 bar | 88% | 977 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,969 bar | 90% | 992 m/s | 97.1% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,769 bar | 86% | 993 m/s | 97.9% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,795 bar | 86% | 972 m/s | 98.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,927 bar | 89% | 981 m/s | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,947 bar | 90% | 975 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,773 bar | 86% | 975 m/s | 99% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,959 bar | 90% | 995 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,906 bar | 89% | 940 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,906 bar | 89% | 964 m/s | 99.1% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,737 bar | 85% | 991 m/s | 97.8% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,854 bar | 88% | 976 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,865 bar | 88% | 971 m/s | 96.1% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,935 bar | 89% | 1002 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,841 bar | 87% | 987 m/s | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,848 bar | 87% | 948 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,879 bar | 88% | 954 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,935 bar | 89% | 966 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,851 bar | 88% | 983 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N165ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,778 bar | 86% | 976 m/s | 98.3% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,749 bar | 85% | 951 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,795 bar | 86% | 983 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,873 bar | 88% | 1004 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,923 bar | 89% | 1023 m/s | 96.6% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,843 bar | 87% | 971 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,953 bar | 90% | 1007 m/s | 99.3% |
| Winchester StaBALL HDᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,403 bar | 77% | 1015 m/s | 100% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,833 bar | 87% | 983 m/s | 97.9% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,703 bar | 84% | 938 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2700 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,525 bar | 80% | 938 m/s | 97.7% |
| Accurate 3100 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,428 bar | 55% | 855 m/s | 95% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,507 bar | 80% | 940 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,694 bar | 61% | 892 m/s | 98% |
| Accurate High Country | 44.5 gr | 2.88 g | 92% | 3,272 bar | 74% | 974 m/s | 95% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,288 bar | 75% | 930 m/s | 99.7% |
| ADI AR 2209 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,179 bar | 72% | 944 m/s | 95.6% |
| ADI AR 2213 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,481 bar | 79% | 978 m/s | 95.3% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,674 bar | 84% | 1004 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro Varmint | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,186 bar | 72% | 943 m/s | 95.7% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,341 bar | 76% | 939 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,564 bar | 81% | 963 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,601 bar | 59% | 894 m/s | 98% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,973 bar | 68% | 938 m/s | 99.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-19 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,149 bar | 72% | 940 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-22 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,989 bar | 68% | 937 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder-23 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,921 bar | 44% | 809 m/s | 95.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-25 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,481 bar | 56% | 889 m/s | 96% |
| Alliant Reloder-26 | 40.8 gr | 2.64 g | 82% | 2,204 bar | 50% | 865 m/s | 95% |
| Bofors RP15 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,145 bar | 71% | 952 m/s | 95.6% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,376 bar | 77% | 943 m/s | 100% |
| Bofors RP5 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,989 bar | 68% | 937 m/s | 95% |
| Bofors RP7 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,953 bar | 67% | 898 m/s | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,393 bar | 77% | 946 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon H414 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,811 bar | 64% | 906 m/s | 95.9% |
| Hodgdon H4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,021 bar | 69% | 915 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon H4831 SC | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,657 bar | 83% | 975 m/s | 95.4% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,441 bar | 55% | 859 m/s | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,698 bar | 84% | 977 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon Retumbo | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,936 bar | 67% | 955 m/s | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon Superformance | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,757 bar | 63% | 909 m/s | 95.2% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,880 bar | 43% | 561 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,459 bar | 79% | 942 m/s | 99.9% |
| IMR 4166 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,602 bar | 82% | 951 m/s | 98.5% |
| IMR 4350 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,826 bar | 64% | 891 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 4451 Enduron | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,040 bar | 69% | 907 m/s | 96.7% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,572 bar | 58% | 875 m/s | 97.6% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,656 bar | 83% | 972 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4955 Enduron | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,587 bar | 82% | 959 m/s | 95.4% |
| IMR 7828 SSC | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,546 bar | 81% | 989 m/s | 95.8% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,486 bar | 79% | 942 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,884 bar | 66% | 892 m/s | 97.5% |
| Lovex S070 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,762 bar | 63% | 884 m/s | 95.9% |
| Lovex S071 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,520 bar | 57% | 865 m/s | 95.6% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,521 bar | 80% | 958 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 204 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,207 bar | 73% | 939 m/s | 95.6% |
| Norma MRP | 42.5 gr | 2.75 g | 88% | 2,730 bar | 62% | 920 m/s | 95.3% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,671 bar | 61% | 890 m/s | 97.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,558 bar | 81% | 964 m/s | 100% |
| Ramshot Grand | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,313 bar | 75% | 970 m/s | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Hunter | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,591 bar | 59% | 884 m/s | 95.8% |
| Ramshot Magnum | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,956 bar | 67% | 927 m/s | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,907 bar | 43% | 573 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,392 bar | 77% | 940 m/s | 98.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,158 bar | 72% | 957 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,668 bar | 61% | 896 m/s | 97.6% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 70 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,592 bar | 59% | 898 m/s | 97% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 76 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,749 bar | 62% | 930 m/s | 95.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,590 bar | 82% | 945 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,176 bar | 72% | 925 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 904 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,495 bar | 79% | 954 m/s | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 905 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,096 bar | 70% | 935 m/s | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 907 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,953 bar | 67% | 898 m/s | 95.9% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,884 bar | 66% | 892 m/s | 97.5% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,486 bar | 79% | 942 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World SW4350 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,762 bar | 63% | 884 m/s | 95.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,258 bar | 74% | 941 m/s | 99.9% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,223 bar | 73% | 892 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 7000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,808 bar | 64% | 871 m/s | 96% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 8000 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,068 bar | 70% | 933 m/s | 95.4% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,189 bar | 72% | 924 m/s | 99.9% |
| Somchem S361 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,612 bar | 82% | 951 m/s | 95.2% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,428 bar | 55% | 875 m/s | 99.5% |
| Somchem S385 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,934 bar | 67% | 908 m/s | 95.8% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,608 bar | 82% | 933 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,641 bar | 83% | 938 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,050 bar | 69% | 900 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,769 bar | 63% | 890 m/s | 98.2% |
| Vihtavuori N165 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,891 bar | 66% | 900 m/s | 95.2% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,526 bar | 80% | 935 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,733 bar | 62% | 890 m/s | 97.8% |
| Vihtavuori N555 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,113 bar | 48% | 834 m/s | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N560 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,647 bar | 83% | 1001 m/s | 95.7% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,708 bar | 62% | 879 m/s | 99.6% |
| Winchester 760 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,833 bar | 64% | 908 m/s | 96% |
| Winchester StaBALL HD | <<locked>> | 82% | 1,809 bar | 41% | 815 m/s | 95.1% |
| Winchester Supreme 780 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,109 bar | 71% | 923 m/s | 95.4% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 88 Pulver für das Kaliber .223 WSSM mit dem Geschoss .224 | 77gr | Berger LTB. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Norma MRP mit 1.028 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 626 m/s und 1.028 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 3100 mit 100 %, und 88 der 88 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (440 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 57 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 77,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.224" wird ein Drall von 1:8.5 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 3100, ADI AR 2213, Alliant Reloder-22 erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen Alliant Reloder-26, Accurate High Country, Norma MRP: Diese Pulver verbinden für .223 WSSM mit .224 | 77gr | Berger LTB einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.