Ladedaten-Spezifikationen
Ladedaten für Kaliber .22 BR Rem. mit Geschoss .224 | 74gr | RWS Kegelspitz und 86 Pulvers. Die wichtigsten zugrunde liegenden Parameter sind in der obigen Tabelle dargestellt. Die empfohlenen Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination sind ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR und ReloadSwiss RS 52.
Wichtiger Hinweis: Gehen Sie NICHT unter die Mindestladung oder über die Maximalladung. Da wir keine Kontrolle über die verwendete Ausrüstung und Komponenten haben, wird jegliche Verantwortung und Haftung für die erzielten Ergebnisse abgelehnt.
Es werden nur Pulver/Ladungen angezeigt, die den aktuellen Filterkriterien entsprechen: Maximaldruck einer Ladung ≤ 90% des standardisierten Maximaldrucks, Ladedichte ≥ 80% und Pulverabbrand ≥ 95%. Verwenden Sie die Schieberegler oberhalb der Tabellen, um diese Schwellenwerte anzupassen.
Ladung: Pulvergewicht in Grain. Beginnen Sie mit der Mindestladung und steigern Sie diese vorsichtig.
FR (Ladedichte): Hülsenfüllung in Prozent. Werte über 100% bedeuten komprimierte Ladungen.
MaxP / %: Maximaler Kammerdruck in bar sowie als Prozentsatz des standardisierten Maximums für dieses Kaliber.
V(0): Mündungsgeschwindigkeit in Fuß pro Sekunde (fps) bei standardisierter Lauflänge.
z (Pulverabbrand): Geschätzter Pulverabbrand in Prozent beim Austritt des Geschosses.
Für die Verwendung des personalisierten Ladungsrechners ist eine gültige Zugriffslizenz erforderlich.
Weitere Informationen finden Sie in unseren FAQ: Wie kann ich den personalisierten Ladungsrechner verwenden?
Maximallast - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,459 bar | 85% | 868 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,597 bar | 89% | 889 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,511 bar | 87% | 885 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,435 bar | 85% | 888 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,495 bar | 86% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 4350ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,193 bar | 79% | 891 m/s | 96.9% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,622 bar | 89% | 906 m/s | 99% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,473 bar | 86% | 888 m/s | 98.1% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,579 bar | 88% | 894 m/s | 99.6% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,544 bar | 88% | 892 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,416 bar | 84% | 909 m/s | 99% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,585 bar | 89% | 937 m/s | 98.4% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,648 bar | 90% | 912 m/s | 99.5% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,456 bar | 85% | 872 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,459 bar | 85% | 900 m/s | 98.3% |
| Alliant Reloder-16ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,183 bar | 79% | 894 m/s | 96.9% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,459 bar | 85% | 927 m/s | 99.2% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,623 bar | 89% | 864 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,593 bar | 89% | 907 m/s | 98.1% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,443 bar | 85% | 899 m/s | 99.3% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,518 bar | 87% | 877 m/s | 99.7% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,505 bar | 87% | 902 m/s | 99.8% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,607 bar | 89% | 930 m/s | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,602 bar | 89% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,458 bar | 85% | 888 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,541 bar | 87% | 901 m/s | 97.3% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,651 bar | 90% | 911 m/s | 99.4% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100Vᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,914 bar | 72% | 858 m/s | 97.6% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,564 bar | 88% | 918 m/s | 99.5% |
| Hodgdon TrailBossᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,395 bar | 59% | 563 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,519 bar | 87% | 895 m/s | 99.1% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,606 bar | 89% | 910 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,660 bar | 90% | 900 m/s | 98.7% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,478 bar | 86% | 861 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4831ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,053 bar | 75% | 874 m/s | 96.5% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,548 bar | 88% | 911 m/s | 98.9% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,579 bar | 88% | 894 m/s | 99.6% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,558 bar | 88% | 888 m/s | 99.9% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,573 bar | 88% | 901 m/s | 100% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,662 bar | 90% | 887 m/s | 99% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,633 bar | 90% | 900 m/s | 99.7% |
| Lovex S065ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,551 bar | 88% | 891 m/s | 96.4% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,542 bar | 87% | 891 m/s | 99.5% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,579 bar | 88% | 896 m/s | 100% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,661 bar | 90% | 915 m/s | 99.1% |
| Norma URPᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,203 bar | 79% | 891 m/s | 96.8% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,430 bar | 85% | 902 m/s | 98.5% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,609 bar | 89% | 894 m/s | 96.8% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,570 bar | 88% | 903 m/s | 98.8% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,433 bar | 85% | 877 m/s | 98.4% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,414 bar | 60% | 576 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,566 bar | 88% | 891 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,579 bar | 88% | 893 m/s | 95.7% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,425 bar | 85% | 918 m/s | 98.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,435 bar | 85% | 929 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,193 bar | 79% | 897 m/s | 96.5% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,605 bar | 89% | 889 m/s | 100% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,567 bar | 88% | 890 m/s | 99.6% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,659 bar | 90% | 912 m/s | 99.5% |
| Shooters World Long Rifleᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,551 bar | 88% | 891 m/s | 96.4% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,573 bar | 88% | 901 m/s | 100% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,633 bar | 90% | 900 m/s | 99.7% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,537 bar | 87% | 879 m/s | 99.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,529 bar | 87% | 912 m/s | 98.8% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 82% | 3,485 bar | 86% | 877 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,484 bar | 86% | 886 m/s | 97% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,511 bar | 87% | 896 m/s | 98.7% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,459 bar | 85% | 862 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 94% | 3,453 bar | 85% | 861 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,659 bar | 90% | 904 m/s | 99.8% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,625 bar | 90% | 876 m/s | 100% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,455 bar | 85% | 886 m/s | 98.6% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,460 bar | 85% | 895 m/s | 99% |
| Somchem S365ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 2,832 bar | 70% | 872 m/s | 98.7% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 86% | 3,662 bar | 90% | 869 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,457 bar | 85% | 860 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,505 bar | 87% | 883 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,589 bar | 89% | 887 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 98% | 3,580 bar | 88% | 892 m/s | 99.8% |
| Vihtavuori N160ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,368 bar | 83% | 891 m/s | 97.2% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,616 bar | 89% | 894 m/s | 99.6% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,503 bar | 86% | 886 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N550ᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,316 bar | 82% | 893 m/s | 96.9% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALLᴾ | <<locked>> | 100% | 3,480 bar | 86% | 888 m/s | 99.2% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 88% | 3,566 bar | 88% | 908 m/s | 99.9% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 90% | 3,481 bar | 86% | 898 m/s | 99.1% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
Startladung - Lauflänge: 61.0 cm
| Pulver | Ladung | FR | MaxP | % | V(0) | z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accurate 2015 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,859 bar | 71% | 824 m/s | 100% |
| Accurate 2460 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,142 bar | 78% | 856 m/s | 99.8% |
| Accurate 2495 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,360 bar | 58% | 795 m/s | 99.9% |
| Accurate 2520 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,805 bar | 69% | 840 m/s | 99.2% |
| Accurate 4064 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,233 bar | 55% | 788 m/s | 98.3% |
| Accurate 4350 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,781 bar | 69% | 857 m/s | 95.2% |
| ADI AR 2206H | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,632 bar | 65% | 822 m/s | 95.9% |
| ADI AR 2208 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,716 bar | 67% | 824 m/s | 95.4% |
| ADI Benchmark 8208 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,770 bar | 68% | 828 m/s | 97.7% |
| Alliant AR-Comp | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,697 bar | 67% | 832 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Power Pro 1200-R | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,198 bar | 79% | 891 m/s | 98.5% |
| Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR | 27.8 gr | 1.80 g | 84% | 2,740 bar | 68% | 860 m/s | 95% |
| Alliant Reloder- TS 15.5 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,321 bar | 57% | 796 m/s | 95.4% |
| Alliant Reloder-10x | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,242 bar | 80% | 857 m/s | 100% |
| Alliant Reloder-15 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,698 bar | 67% | 834 m/s | 95.6% |
| Alliant Reloder-16 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,815 bar | 70% | 859 m/s | 95.2% |
| Alliant Reloder-17 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,460 bar | 61% | 831 m/s | 95.3% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 106 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,388 bar | 84% | 849 m/s | 100% |
| Baschieri & Pellagri 107 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,755 bar | 68% | 838 m/s | 95.2% |
| Bofors RP3 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,280 bar | 56% | 795 m/s | 95.3% |
| Hodgdon Benchmark | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,905 bar | 72% | 828 m/s | 98.6% |
| Hodgdon BL-C2 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,642 bar | 65% | 831 m/s | 97.9% |
| Hodgdon CFE223 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,922 bar | 72% | 873 m/s | 96.5% |
| Hodgdon H322 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,168 bar | 78% | 865 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,217 bar | 79% | 870 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon H380 | <<locked>> | 88% | 2,896 bar | 72% | 848 m/s | 95% |
| Hodgdon H4895 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,653 bar | 66% | 826 m/s | 96.6% |
| Hodgdon Hybrid 100V | <<locked>> | 94% | 2,412 bar | 60% | 808 m/s | 95.1% |
| Hodgdon LEVERevolution | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,374 bar | 59% | 812 m/s | 95.7% |
| Hodgdon TrailBoss | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,776 bar | 44% | 504 m/s | 100% |
| Hodgdon VARGET | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,549 bar | 63% | 811 m/s | 96% |
| IMR 3031 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,580 bar | 64% | 831 m/s | 99.9% |
| IMR 4064 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,673 bar | 66% | 819 m/s | 95.5% |
| IMR 4198 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,264 bar | 81% | 847 m/s | 100% |
| IMR 4831 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,862 bar | 71% | 858 m/s | 95.7% |
| IMR 4895 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,564 bar | 63% | 826 m/s | 95.7% |
| IMR 8208 XBR | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,770 bar | 68% | 828 m/s | 97.7% |
| Lovex D073.5 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,107 bar | 77% | 855 m/s | 99.3% |
| Lovex D073.6 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,533 bar | 63% | 817 m/s | 98.5% |
| Lovex S060 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,675 bar | 66% | 806 m/s | 96.1% |
| Lovex S062 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,322 bar | 57% | 787 m/s | 95.9% |
| Lovex S065 | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,140 bar | 78% | 860 m/s | 95% |
| Norma 201 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,591 bar | 64% | 811 m/s | 97.2% |
| Norma 202 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,584 bar | 64% | 816 m/s | 99.1% |
| Norma 203B | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,462 bar | 61% | 812 m/s | 95.1% |
| Norma URP | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,822 bar | 70% | 858 m/s | 95.2% |
| Ramshot Big Game | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,625 bar | 65% | 833 m/s | 95.6% |
| Ramshot TAC | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,175 bar | 78% | 860 m/s | 95.3% |
| Ramshot Wild Boar | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,708 bar | 67% | 831 m/s | 96.2% |
| Ramshot X-Terminator | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,018 bar | 75% | 843 m/s | 97.2% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 14 | <<locked>> | 80% | 1,772 bar | 44% | 514 m/s | 100% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 40 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,117 bar | 77% | 858 m/s | 99.5% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 50 | <<locked>> | 92% | 3,366 bar | 83% | 877 m/s | 95% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 52 | 26.3 gr | 1.70 g | 82% | 2,609 bar | 64% | 846 m/s | 95.1% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 60 | 26.7 gr | 1.73 g | 82% | 2,163 bar | 53% | 799 m/s | 96% |
| ReloadSwiss RS 62 | <<locked>> | 98% | 2,961 bar | 73% | 877 m/s | 95.6% |
| Rottweil R 901 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,850 bar | 70% | 830 m/s | 99.4% |
| Rottweil R 902 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,454 bar | 61% | 795 m/s | 96.5% |
| Rottweil R 903 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,298 bar | 57% | 795 m/s | 95.1% |
| Shooters World Long Rifle | <<locked>> | 96% | 3,140 bar | 78% | 860 m/s | 95% |
| Shooters World Match Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,533 bar | 63% | 817 m/s | 98.5% |
| Shooters World Precision | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,322 bar | 57% | 787 m/s | 95.9% |
| Shooters World Tactical Rifle | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,292 bar | 81% | 861 m/s | 98.9% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 11 | <<locked>> | 86% | 2,536 bar | 63% | 825 m/s | 95.2% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 3 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,302 bar | 82% | 864 m/s | 100% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 7 | <<locked>> | 84% | 3,010 bar | 74% | 849 m/s | 95.3% |
| SNPE Vectan SP 9 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,534 bar | 63% | 811 m/s | 95.4% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 3000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,708 bar | 67% | 804 m/s | 99.3% |
| SNPE Vectan Tubal 5000 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,221 bar | 55% | 759 m/s | 98.7% |
| Somchem S321 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,983 bar | 74% | 852 m/s | 98.7% |
| Somchem S335 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,672 bar | 66% | 804 m/s | 99.6% |
| Somchem S341 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,611 bar | 64% | 815 m/s | 95.7% |
| Somchem S355 | <<locked>> | 84% | 2,372 bar | 59% | 798 m/s | 95.2% |
| Somchem S365 | <<locked>> | 92% | 2,206 bar | 54% | 804 m/s | 95.6% |
| Vihtavuori N130 | <<locked>> | 80% | 3,067 bar | 76% | 829 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N133 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,712 bar | 67% | 805 m/s | 100% |
| Vihtavuori N135 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,386 bar | 59% | 796 m/s | 99.9% |
| Vihtavuori N140 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,432 bar | 60% | 794 m/s | 98.9% |
| Vihtavuori N150 | <<locked>> | 82% | 2,118 bar | 52% | 764 m/s | 95.4% |
| Vihtavuori N160 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,964 bar | 73% | 858 m/s | 95.7% |
| Vihtavuori N530 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,773 bar | 68% | 827 m/s | 97.8% |
| Vihtavuori N540 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,366 bar | 58% | 791 m/s | 98.3% |
| Vihtavuori N550 | <<locked>> | 96% | 2,892 bar | 71% | 858 m/s | 95.3% |
| Winchester 6.5 StaBALL | <<locked>> | 90% | 2,475 bar | 61% | 800 m/s | 95.6% |
| Winchester 748 | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,705 bar | 67% | 840 m/s | 98.4% |
| Winchester StaBALL Match | <<locked>> | 80% | 2,490 bar | 61% | 813 m/s | 95.9% |
Empfohlen = eines der besten Pulver für diese Patronen-Geschoss-Kombination.
ᴾ mögliche Presslast - steigern Sie sich langsam zu dieser Ladung und achten Sie dabei auf Anzeichen von übermäßigem Druck.
<<locked>> Sie benötigen eine Zugangslizenz, um diese Daten freizuschalten.
Diese Übersicht vergleicht 86 Pulver für das Kaliber .22 BR Rem. mit dem Geschoss .224 | 74gr | RWS Kegelspitz. Die höchste Mündungsgeschwindigkeit erreicht Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR mit 937 m/s; über alle Pulver hinweg liegt das Fenster zwischen 563 m/s und 937 m/s bei Maximallast. Den besten Hülsenfüllgrad liefert Accurate 4350 mit 100 %, und 86 der 86 Pulver liegen im gut nutzbaren Bereich von 80 bis 100 %.
Bezogen auf den zulässigen Höchstdruck des Kalibers (405 MPa) nutzen die Maximallasten 59 bis 90 % aus — es bleiben also mindestens 10 % Reserve. Für das 74,0 gr schwere Geschoss im Kaliber 0.224" wird ein Drall von 1:11.0 empfohlen — langsamere Dralle stabilisieren dieses Gewicht in der Regel nicht. Accurate 4350, Alliant Reloder-16, Hodgdon Hybrid 100V erreichen bei Maximallast 100 % Füllgrad oder mehr — diese Ladungen sind komprimiert, lassen sich nur mit langem Trichter oder Schüttfülltrichter sauber einfüllen und reagieren empfindlich auf die Hülsenkapazität deiner Charge. Ganz oben stehen ReloadSwiss RS 60, Alliant Power Pro 2000-MR, ReloadSwiss RS 52: Diese Pulver verbinden für .22 BR Rem. mit .224 | 74gr | RWS Kegelspitz einen hohen Füllgrad mit vollständigem Abbrand und liegen bei der Mündungsgeschwindigkeit im oberen Feld. Beginne immer bei der Startlast und arbeite dich in kleinen Schritten nach oben, während du Hülse und Zünder auf Druckzeichen prüfst.